Removal of Heavy Metal Ions From Waste Water Using a Groundnut Shell and Tea Bag as a Natural Adsorbent
Chapter One
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
This research aims to determine how to use Groundnut shells and Tea waste as natural adsorbents for the removal of metal ions from wastewater.
The objectives are:
- To use groundnut shell and tea waste as natural
- To remove heavy metal ions from waste
- To analyze the kind of metal ions present in waste
- To study the effect of different parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dose, PH and initial concentration of metal ions.
CHAPTER TWO
MATERIALS AND METHOD
MATERIALS
Table 2.1.1 :List of apparatus used
PREPARATION OF SAMPLE
The groundnut hell and tea bag were collected from the Sokoto Market. And the sample of the groundnut shell was washed with distilled water and dried it in hot oven at 1050C for 12 hours. After drying the sample was grinded and then was sieved by the used of standard shell sieved and the unwanted particles was removed. While the tag bag was warmed with plate and distilled water at (850C) until the color removed. After the colour removed, it was dried in hot oven at 1500C for 12 hours. The dried sample was grinded and converted into powder, the sample was stored in sealed polythene bags. These grinded two samples were used directly for the experiment without physical chemical treatment as an adsorbent.
PREPARATION OF WASTE WATER
The sample of waste water was collected from Sokoto metropolitan which is along the Kanwuri area, and we collected the sample of 2 liter. After the collection of the waste water was filtered by filter paper. The waste water was then prepared. By diluting the stock standard of each metal ions solution of Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb were prepared from stock standard of concentration 10000mg/L.
PREPARATION OF ADSORBENT
- CuS04.5H0, NiS04.6H20, Cr,SO4.7H2O, PbSO4.8H2O,ZnSO4.7H2O, were obtained in analytical grade and used without further purification synthetic 1000ppm stock solution prepared for each metal.
- Copper Solution: 3927gram of CuS05H4O was added in the 100cm3 of distilled water in 1000cm3 volumetric flask. It was dissolved by shaking and the volume was made up to the mark copper concentration of this solution was 1000mg/L.
- Nickel Solution: 4.477gram of NiSO4. 7H2owas added the 100cm3 of distilled water in 100cm3 volumetric flask. It was dissolved by shaking and the volume was made up to mark. Nickel concentration of this solution was 1000mg/L.
- Zinc Solution: 4.395gram of znSO4. 7H Owas added in the 100cm3 of distilled water in 1000cm/L. it volumetric flask. It was dissolved by shaking and the volume was made up to the mark. Zinc concentration of this solution was 100mg/L.
- Lead Solution: 4251gram of pbSO8H2owas added in t5he 100cm3 of distilled water in 100cm3 of volumetric flask. It was dissolved by shaking and made up to the mark lead concentration of this solution was 1000mg/L.
- Chromium Solution 4. 527gram of Cr2SO47H2O was added in the 100cm3 of distilled water in 1000cm3 volumetric flask. It was dissolved by shaking and the volume was made up to mark, chromium concentration of this solution was 1000g/L.
ANALYSIS OF THE ADSORBENY
The general method was used for this study and is described as follows:
The tow sample adsorbent was weighed for 5g each and as equilibrated with 100cm3 of each meter (Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb and Ni) solution concentration of 10,20,50, and 100 ppm) in an stoppered borosil of a glass flask at a fixed temperature for (3OCO) in an orbital shaker of a time which is 30-180m).
After the equilibration each sample of 10m3) was collected from each flask. In a time interval of 30,60, 120, and 180 minute, the suspension of the adsorbent was separated from the solution by filtration using a filter spectrophotometer (AAS) determinations.
CHAPTER THREE
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
RESULT
Initial, Concentration and absorbance of the standard solution of Zinc, copper, Nickel, Lead and Chromium.
Table (1): Absorbance for zinc (Zn)
DISCUSSION
EFFECT OF CONTACTTIME
Fig 1 shows the variation in the percentage removal of heavy metal with contact time using 5g/100cm3 of tea waste and groundnut shell adsorbent ion concentration ranging from 10ppm – 100ppm. It is observed that the percentage of Cu from table 2 is 99.2%, Zn from table 1 is 95.2% Ni, from table 3 is 99% Pb
from table 5 is 99% and Cr from table 4 99.6 respectively at 180 mint. These shows that contact time required to attain equilibrium which is depending on the initial concentration of heavy metals. The percentage removal of heavy metal increase with increase of contact time till equilibrium is obtained. The optimal contact time to attain equilibrium with groundnut shell and tea waste adsorbent is 120 minute.
CHAPTER FOUR
CONLUSION ANDRECOMMENDATION
CONCLUSION
The present research showed that groundnut shell and tea waste can be effectively used as excellent adsorbent for the removal of Cu, Zn, Ni, pb, and Cr from aqueous solution. This also highlights the affect of different parameters such as, contact time pH, initial concentration, and adsorbent dose, in removal of metal ions from waste water.
RECOMMENDATION
These research studies on adsorbent would be quite useful in developing appropriate technology for the removal of metal ions from contaminated industrial effluent.
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