A Proposal on Psychological Impact on Sickle Cell Anaemia Patients
CHAPTER ONE
Objectives Of Study
The main objectives are to explore the Psychosocial Impact of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) on people living with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and their coping styles.
Specific Objectives
Specific objectives of the study are to:
- Assess the knowledge of respondents on causes of sickle cell
- Examine the incidence of sickle cell among respondent
- Assess the psychosocial impact of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) among selected respondents.
- Investigate the psychosocial impact of sickle cell disease on the parents
- Investigate the coping strategies adopted.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Concept of Sickle Cell Disease
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) also known as Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA) and Drepanocytosis is a hereditary blood disorder, characterized by an abnormality in the oxygen-carrying haemoglobin molecule in red blood cells. This leads to a propensity for the cells to assume an abnormal rigid, sickle-like shape under certain circumstances. Sickle cell disease occurs when a person inherits two abnormal copies of the haemoglobin gene, one from each parent. Seceral subtypes exist, depending on the exact mutation in each haemoglobin gene. Sickle cell is associated with a number of acute and chronic health problems, such as severe infraction, attacks of severe pain (Sickle Cell crisis) and stroke, and there is an increased risk of death. (Global Burden of Disease Study, 2013; Yawn et al, 2014).
According to National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI, 2013), Sickle Cell Anaemia is a blood disorder that causes abnormally shaped red blood cells. Normal blood cells are diskshaped with an indentation in the centre, and they move smoothly through the blood vessels.
But with sickle anaemia, the body produces red blood cells that are shaped like a sickle, or crescent. These cells don’t move through the blood stream as easily and they tend to stick and clump together and cause other health complication. Sickle cell anaemia is just one of many forms of sickle cell disease. It is a condition that is passed along from parents to their children. This disease is more common in people of certain ethnicities, including blacks and Hospanics. In the same vein, Clinical Research on Sickle Cell Disease (CRSCD, 2014) stated that sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder which is caused by a mutation in the haemoglobin-beta gene found on chromosome II. Haemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body. Red blood cells with normal haemoglobin (hemoglobin A) are smooth and round and glide through blood vessels. In people with sickle cell disease, abnormal haemoglobin molecules – haemoglobin S – stick to one another and form long, rod-like structures. These structures caused red blood cell to become stiff, assuming a sickle-shape. Their shape causes these red blood cells to pile up, causing blockages and damaging vital organs and tissue.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
This study design will be a descriptive one. This design will be adopted since the researcher did not manipulate any of the variable but variables were described as occurred in the study.
Research Settings
This research study will be conducted in Ogbomoso North Local Government Area in Oyo State. Ogbomoso is a city in Oyo State, South-western Nigeria, A1 highway. It will be founded in the mid17th century. Ogbomoso North is a Local Government Area in Oyo State, Nigeria. Its headquarter is in Ogbomoso and currently headed by Caretaker Chairman until Local Government Chairman Poll is held. The Local Government serves as a home to one of Nigeria’s best institution of learning, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) and its teaching hospital.
Study Population
The study population for/of the study will compose of males and females of people living with sickle cell disease from some selected hospitals in Ogbomosho, LAUTECH Staff Clinic, some selected secondary schools together with some religious institutions in Ogbomoso. They would be considered for the study because they are within the age bracket of thirteen and above (13 and above) years.
CHAPTER FOUR
Instrument for Data Collection
The research instruments were four (4) folds
Sections A will be a self designed demographic variables of correspondents and consisted of 6 items.
Section B will be equally researcher’s self designed instrument on knowledge of causes of sickle cell disease.
Section C will be on psychosocial impact which will be adapted from Hamilton anxiety scale and consisted of 10 items and the last will be Section D will be on productive coping styles which will be adapted from Jan samples productive coping styles and consisted of 10 items.
Methods of Data Analysis
The analysis of the data collected will be done using descriptive analytical interpretations to communicate the findings of the research. The data obtained will be thoroughly scrutinized and articulately presented for a better understanding of the psychosocial impact of sickle cell disease of people living with the disease.
CHAPTER FIVE
Expected Result
It is anticipated that at the end of this study, the findings will be able to reveal the psychological impact that sickle cell anaemia has on patients. Beyond that, the findings will discuss the challenges of anaemia and the way forward for doctors, nurses and patients.
REFERENCES
- Adegoke and Kuteyi, (2012) Psychosocial Burden of sickle Cell Disease on the Family, Nigeria, Dept. of paediatric and child health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife Nigeria African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine, Vol 4 nol.
- Anie, Egunjobi and Akinyan, (2011) psychosocial impact of sickle cell disorder: perspective from a Nigeria setting. Brent sickle and thalassaemia centre, imperial college school of Medicine, central middle sex hospital, London, NW107NS. UK.
- Boyd., Watkins, Price, Fleming, and De Baoun, (2005). Inadequate community knowledge about sickle cell disease among African American women. Journal of the National Medical Association, 97 (1).
- Christopher (2005), A brief review of the pathophysiology associated pain and psychosocial issues in sickle cell disease. International journal of behavioural medicine. 12:171-9
- Creary, W. and Kuldarni (2007) sickle cell disease current activities, public health implications and future directions. Journal of Women’s Health., 16(5), 575 – 582
- John, T. (2009) sickle cell research: yesterday, today and tomorrow. NIH medicine Phis. A publication of the National Institutes of Health and the friends of the National Library of Medicine.
