Assessment of Infectious Epidemic on Educational Sector a Case Study of Corona Virus Disease in Kaduna Metropolis
CHAPTER ONE
Objectives Of The Study
The study aimed at examining the Impact of Infectious Epidemic on Educational Sector A Case Study of Corona Virus Disease in Kaduna Metropolis. Specifically the study aims:
- To determine if Covid-19 pandemic school closure have impact on program of higher institutions in Kaduna
- To find out if Covid-19 pandemic will affects the flow of international grants into higher institutions in Kaduna
- To find out if Covid-19 pandemic affects government funding of higher institutions in Kaduna
- To find out if what higher institutions are doing to contain the spread of Covid-19
- To examine the effect of corona virus outbreak on the education expenditure
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Overview of Coronavirus Disease
Coronavirus Disease is a contagious disease that first emerged in Wuhan, China in 2019. It was later coded “COVID-19” by the W.H.O which stands for Coronavirus Disease 2019. The Coronavirus outbreak remains one of the worst global pandemics for decades. The mortality rate soared and the easy of spread was upsetting. Research shows that older people and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer were more likely to develop serious illnesses from coronavirus (W.H.O, 2020). Some of the symptoms of Coronavirus include; Sore throat, runny nose, constant coughing/sneezing, breathing difficulty and fatigue.
As at the time of this study, there were no reliable treatments for Coronavirus, but a series of researches were in the pipeline across the world towards finding a clinical vaccine for the contagion. However, recent events shows that behavioural change can help contain the spread of coronavirus. Some of the suggested measures to halt the coronavirus pandemic include;, improved individual habits such as personal hygiene, including constant washing of hands with alcohol-based sanitizers, good respiratory attitude (close coughing and sneezing), and other personal protection practices like wearing of face mask, social distancing, avoiding touching of the face, and reducing contacts with people through self-isolation at home or avoiding nonessential travels or gatherings. Coronavirus is a global problem that requires more action coordination and global cooperation to successfully contain the outbreak and to deal with its aftermath effects. Consequently, the United Nations appealed for 2 billion dollars to support global response efforts towards tackling the coronavirus pandemic. The consequences of COVID-19 could be more severe; if people do not comply or adhere strictly to public health regulations and advice.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
In this chapter, we would describe how the study was carried out.
Research design
It is a term used to describe a number of decisions which need to be taken regarding the collection of data before they are collected. (Nwana, 1981). It provides guidelines which direct the researcher towards solving the research problem and may vary depending on the nature of the problem being studied. According to Okaja ( 2003, p. 2),” research design means the structuring of investigation aimed at identifying variables and their relationship, it is used for the purpose of obtaining data to enable the investigator test hypothesis or answer research question by providing procedural outline for conducting research”. It is therefore, an outline or scheme that serves as a useful guide to the researcher in his efforts to generate data for his study.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
INTRODUCTION
This section deals with result of the analysis. it contains answers to the research questions. out of 133 questionnaires distributed to respondents, 120 was recovered for the study with remaining 13 either not returned or badly filled by the respondents.
Research Question 1: Does Covid-19 pandemic school closure have impact on program of higher institutions?
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION OF FINDING, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
DISCUSSION OF RESULT
To find out if Covid-19 pandemic school closure have impact on higher institutions in Kaduna. Result on table 1 showed that 100% of the respondents agreed that Covid-19 pandemic school closure have impact on program of higher institutions in Kaduna. To find out if Covid-19 pandemic will affects the flow of international grants into higher institutions in Kaduna.
Table 2 revealed that 100% of the respondents agreed that Covid-19 pandemic will affects the flow of international grants into higher institutions in Kaduna. This result is contrary to the submission of john(2020) who observes that despite the COVID-19 crisis, the European Union (EU) contribution to Africa is not likely to be affected. Even though every state’s first response to the pandemic has been to close its borders, “we are completely interdependent – even if a country manages to defeat the virus, it will never be safe until it is defeated everywhere,” he said. Palmowski said the EU has directed €3.25 billion (US$3.5 billion) towards the coronavirus response in Africa. “This is not new money, because EU budgets are set a long time in advance and the EU has limited means to change budgets within budget periods. But it is accelerating funding, also in the hope of attracting further private investment.” It said it will secure financial support to partner countries amounting to more than €15.6 billion from existing external action resources. “Together with our partners, we are making sure that the substantial EU funding already allocated to them is targeted to help them deal with the impact of the coronavirus pandemic,” it said in a press
To find out if Covid-19 pandemic affects government funding of higher institutions in Kaduna. Table three disclosed that 60.8% ticked strongly agreed, 18.33% ticked agreed while 8.33% ticked disagreed and 4.16% ticked strongly disagreed that Covid-19 pandemic will affects government funding of higher institutions in Kaduna. The result showed that majorities of the respondents agreed that Covid-19 pandemic will affects government funding of research higher institutions in Kaduna. This result is in agreement with [9], who submits that the total amount expended on research annually by the federal government is approximately on average 0.02% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Opines that the inadequate funding for research limits the capacity of the universities to fully contribute to Nigeria’s development and integrate themselves to the global knowledge networks [7]. The implication of this finding is that universities in Nigeria do not yet possess adequate research capabilities and funding needed to make them active beneficiaries of global knowledge, generate, cull or adapt knowledge, innovations and problem solving.
To find out if what higher institutions are doing to contain the spread of Covid-19. The result collected on this area showed that in research three item one, 100% of the respondents agreed that higher institutions as part of their community services are enlightening the general public on prevention of Covid-19. The item two of question three revealed that 100% of the respondents agreed that higher institutions in Kaduna are collaborating with other institutions on the research for Covid-19 vaccine while the item three on research question three showed that 69.16% of the respondents agreed that higher institutions in Kaduna are producing face masks for free distributions for the people to protect them from containing the Covid-19 in Kaduna while 30.83ticked disagreed.
CONCLUSION
The purpose of this paper is to find out the impact of Covid-19 on the programme of higher institutions in Kaduna, Nigeria. Specific objectives includes:
To find out if Covid-19 has impact on the programme of higher institutions in Kaduna.
To find out if Covid-19 will affect the flow of international grant into higher institutions in Kaduna and to find out what the higher institutions are doing to contain the spread of Covid-19 in Kaduna.
From the result collected from the study, it can be established that Covid-19 pandemic school closure have impact on research program of higher institutions in Kaduna and that Covid-19 pandemic will affects the flow of international grants into higher institutions in Kaduna. The result also showed that Covid-19 pandemic will affects government funding of higher institutions in Kaduna and that higher institutions as part of their community services are creating awereness to the general public on prevention of Covid-19. It was gathered that higher institutions in Kaduna are collaborating with other institutions on the research for Covid-19 vaccine while higher institutions in Kaduna are producing face masks for free distributions for the people to protect them from containing the Covid-19 in Kaduna.
RECOMMENDATION
Based on this finding, the paper hereby recommends that:
- The government should increase the funding of research programme in Kadunaand other higher institutions in the country.
- The international communities and international organizations should support and increase their research grant in Nigeria higher institutions
- The administrators of higher institutions should encourage their academic staff to carry out researches constantly
Higher institutions across the globe should come together and collaborate to research on vaccine for Covid-19.
References
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- Adverse consequences of school closures. (n.d.). Retrieved April 21, 2020, from UNESCO website: https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse/consequences
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- Sociological Review, 15(3), 301–322. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.esr.a018265
- Brummet, Q. (2014). The effect of school closings on student achievement. Journal of Public Economics, 119, 108–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.06.010
- Christakis, E., & Christakis, N. A. (2020, March 16). Coronavirus: Closing the Schools Is Not the Only Option . The Atlantic . Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/03/coronavirus-closing- schools-not-only-option/608056/
- Cliff, N. (1988). The Eigenvalues-Greater-Than-One Rule and the Reliability of Components. Psychological Bulletin, 103(2), 276–279. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.2.276
- Coronavirus. (2020). Retrieved April 21, 2020, from World Health Organization website: https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1
- COVID-19 Educational Disruption and Response. (2020, March 24). Retrieved April 21, 2020, from UNESCO.org website: https://en.unesco.org/news/covid-19-educational-disruption-and-response