Assessment of NTA’s Asaba Public Service Announcements Campaign Against Rape/Sexual Assault
Chapter One
Objective Of The Study
The study generally focus on the Assessment of NTA’s Asaba public service announcements campaign against rape/sexual assault. Studies have shown a high prevalence of rape incidences in Nigeria with only a small fragment of victims reporting these sexual assault cases. This contradiction necessitates an empirical inquiry to decode possible inferences associated with this development. Some studies have also shown that media reports of sexual assaults are laden with myths which seem endorsed by a significant portion of the population, especially the male gender (Lonsway & Fitzgerald, 1994). It is within these contexts that this work seeks to interrogate the representation of sexual crime against women in Nigeria Television authority.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION
Our focus in this chapter is to critically examine relevant literature that would assist in explaining the research problem and furthermore recognize the efforts of scholars who had previously contributed immensely to similar research. The chapter intends to deepen the understanding of the study and close the perceived gaps.
Precisely, the chapter will be considered in three sub-headings:
- Conceptual Framework
- Theoretical Framework and
- Empirical Review
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Concept of Sexuality
Some people think that sex is the same thing as sexuality but in the actual fact there is a difference between sex and sexuality. Action Health Incorporate (2013) described sexuality as broad term that refers to a core dimension of being human which include sexuality, gender, sexuality and gender identity, sexuality orientation, emotional attachment, love and reproduction. This implies that sexuality encompasses human existence. Sexuality therefore includes all the feelings, sexuality thoughts, values, experiences, learning, ideas, values, imagining and behavior of persons, whether female or male. In other words sexuality is the sum total of who you are, what you believe, what you feel and how you respond.
In line with the opinion of Action Health Incorporated (AHI) Kaplan (2015) describes sexuality as the whole way a person goes about expressing himself or herself as sexual being. The author noted that sexuality is not just sexuality, as many people think about genitals, what we do with them and who we do it with. The author remarked that sexuality involves and is shaped beliefs, attitudes, experiences, physical, societal experiences. In this sense sexuality is the totality of who you are, what you believe, feel, how you respond, the way in which you have been acculturated, and socialized. In other words sexuality is an integral part all living thing including human being. Straus & Sussan (2019) describes sexuality as sum of biological characteristic that defines the spectrum of humans on female and males. The author identified wide range of characteristic that distinguishes human on the basis of reproductive function and anatomy and physiology. In the context of sex and sexuality therefore, while sex is restricted to biological characteristics that determines female or male. Sexuality encompasses the sum total of human being including sex.
Secondary School Students And Sexual Behaviour
Risky sexual behaviour such as possession of multiple sex partners, unprotected sexual intercourse, anal sex, and oral sex contribute to the leading causes of morbidity, mortality and social problems among adolescents. Durojaiye, (2019) indicated that the dramatic increase in morbidity and mortality among adolescents is not only attributable to illness or infection, but rather to difficulties in the control of behaviour and emotions. Practices such as homosexuality, lesbianism, and sexual orgies are indulged in just for the reason of experimentation and peer influences, owing to a wealth of uncensored information they are exposed to, through an intensifying wave of westernization, the Internet, and electronic media.
There is general consensus that the proportion of in- school adolescents who engage in risky sexual behaviour that put them at risk of unplanned pregnancy and HIV and other sexually transmitted infections(STIs) remains too high. Each year, approximately one million in- school adolescents are pregnant. Alan Guttmacher Institute (1998) asserted that each year adolescents aged 15— 19 or one-fifth of all sexually active females in this age-group-become pregnant; the vast majority of these pregnancies are unplanned. In the United States, the risk of acquiring an STI is higher among adolescents than among adults (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2001). Singh and Darroch (2014) lamented that the rates of unprotected sexual activity, STIs, pregnancy and childbearing continue to be substantially higher among U.S. adolescents than among young people in comparable industrialized countries.
A contrary view is put forward by Obionu, (2019), who observed that many adolescents are engaging in other sexual behaviour other than vaginal intercourse. Nearly half have had oral sex and just over one in 10 have had anal sex. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2019) observed that, the proportion of adolescents who have ever had sex has declined since the early 1990s.
According to Eze, (2016), the measures of enhancing healthy sexual behaviour among secondary school adolescents include passing relevant information on sexual issues during morning assembly, discouraging them from watching pornographic and bad films and pasting photographs on the bulletin board to show the damaging effects of risky sexual behaviour.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
Research Design
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e. mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
Population of the Study
According to Udoyen (2019), a study population is a group of elements or individuals, as the case may be, who share similar characteristics. These similar features can include location, gender, age, sex or specific interest. The emphasis on study population is that it constitutes individuals or elements that are homogeneous in description.
This study was carried out to assess NTA’s Asaba public service announcements campaign against rape/sexual assault. Hence, the population of this study comprises of NTA audience in Asaba.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of two hundred (200) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which one hundred and fifty (150) were returned and all were validated. For this study a total of 150 was validated for the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS:
Introduction
This chapter summarizes the findings on the Assessment of NTA’s Asaba public service announcements campaign against rape/sexual assault. The chapter consists of summary of the study, conclusions, and recommendations.
Summary of the Study
In this study, our focus was on the Assessment of NTA’s Asaba public service announcements campaign against rape/sexual assault. Studies have shown a high prevalence of rape incidences in Nigeria with only a small fragment of victims reporting these sexual assault cases. This contradiction necessitates an empirical inquiry to decode possible inferences associated with this development. Some studies have also shown that media reports of sexual assaults are laden with myths which seem endorsed by a significant portion of the population, especially the male gender (Lonsway & Fitzgerald, 1994). It is within these contexts that this work seeks to interrogate the representation of sexual crime against women in Nigeria Television authority.
The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in the study. A total of 150 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondent were NTA audience in Asaba.
Conclusions
Based on the findings of this study, the researcher concluded that;
- The level of underage girl children engagement in sexual activities is high.
- The sexual risk behaviour of underage girl children in Nigeria includes: Possession of Multiple Sexual Partner , having Sex Under Intoxication, unprotected Sex,oral Sex, anal Sex.
- The level of rape perpetrated against underage girl children in Nigeria is high.
- The effect of rape on the underage girl children in Nigeria includes: Lacerations and bleeding, Infections,sexually transmitted diseases, depression, poor self-esteem.
Recommendations
Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations are proffered.
- There is need for awareness/enlightenment campaigns about rape with emphasis on prevention targeted at the students beginning from their primary school days. Peer educators should be raised and encouraged to reach their fellow students anywhere and whenever the topic arises.
- Parents and teachers have pivotal roles to play in disseminating the right sexuality information to the girl child. The introduction of sexuality education in the school curriculum and establishment of school health programmes are also of paramount importance.
- Students must be encouraged to live on campus and to avoid night activities. There should be separation of female students from males’ hostels especially during the evening, provision of Reproductive Health Education especially HIV/AIDS Education, provision of Guidance and Counseling to both victims and perpetrators of acquaintance rape, strict enforcement of institutional rules and regulations, formation of social clubs and lecturers to get in-service education on the subject of rape.
- In the home, the children should be taught sex education, good moral standard, there should be love and harmony in the home, the girl child should not be entrusted to strangers and night movement should not be allowed. The word of God should be taught with good examples, parents should monitor what the children watch and do with their computer at all times and discourage indecent dressing.
REFERENCE
- A. Akande& T. M.Akande, (2017) Knowledge and perception of sexuality education among students of rural secondary school in Kwara state Nigeria. Nigerian Medical Practitioner. LII (3), pp. 55 – 59, .
- J. Godwin,“ (2014) A study of adolescent sexuality in Nigeria.” West African journal of education. XVIII (18),pp. 445-453, .
- O. Nwagugu, (2018) Menopausal perception and coping strategies among women of menopause age in Igbo- Etiti. LGA. Unpublished project report, UNN .
- Omale, (2013) “A Survey of the Perception of Students on the Study of Sex Education in Secondary School Social Studies in Dekina Local Government Area of Kogi State.“International Journal of Education Learning and development. III (1), pp 67 – 74, .
- Abanine et al. (2015): Evaluation of the Implementation of Family Life and HIV Education Programme in Nigeria. African Journal of Reproductive Health June 2015, 84.
- Abbott-Chapman, J., & Denholm, C. (2018). Adolescents’ risk activities, risk hierarchies and the influence of religiosity, Journal of Youth Studies, 4(3), 279–297.
- Abma, J. C., Martinez, G. M., & Copen, C. E. (2015). Teenagers in the United States: Sexual activity, contraceptive use, and childbearing, National Survey of Family Growth 2006-2008. National Centre for Health Statistics.Vital and Health Statistics, 23(30). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_23/sr23_030.pdf
- Abu, P. B., & Akerele, E. O. (2016). Parental influence on Adolescents Sexual Behavior In Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. International Journal of African & African American Studies 5 (1).
