Conflict Management Skills of Nurse Tutors in Enugu State Basic Schools of Nursing

Conflict Management Skills of Nurse Tutors in Enugu State Basic Schools of Nursing

CHAPTER ONE

Objective of the study

The specific objectives of the study are to:

Assess the stress management skills in conflict management among nurse tutors in Enugu State Basic Schools of
Elicit the social conflict management skills of nurse tutors in Enugu State Basic Schools of
Identify the avoidance skills in conflict management among nurse tutors in Enugu State Basic School of Nursing
Assess the collaborative skills in conflict management among nurse tutor in Enugu state Basic Schools of
Assess the competing skills in conflict management among nurse tutors in Enugu State Basic Schools of
Determine if the conflict management skills of nurse tutors are related to their socio- demographic

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

This chapter presents a review of available and existing work on conflict management, particularly, the conflict management skills of nurse tutors in Enugu state basic schools of nursing. The review is done in the following areas: Conceptual Review, Theoretical Review, Empirical Review, Summary and analysis of Empirical Review.

Conceptual Review Concept of Conflict:

Man and conflict exist in intimated relationship and if looked at closely, conflict existed before man on earth and so man and conflict are inseparable, (Genesis 1: 1-4). Conflict is multidimensional, and literature indicated that there are numerous definitions of conflict, different types of conflict and a variety of approaches and management to the study of conflict (Almost, 2010). Johansen (2012) defined conflict as having something to do with arms, fighting a war, a struggle between opposing principles or aims, a clash of feeling or interest. According to Johansen (2012) and Kelly (2006), the parties involved in a conflict perceive a threat to their needs, interest, and or concerns. Conflict therefore occurs because human beings have limited resources to satisfy their unlimited needs, so it is the scarcity of resources that brings about conflicts .Adegbenro, (2010) defined conflict as inevitable and the outcome is difficult to determine before hand, which might escalate and lead to devastating results or can be managed and produce good result.

Anwuacha (2007) in describing the nature of conflict, said that it is a situation in which persons or groups disagree over means or ends and try to establish their views in preference to others, while Okoronkwo (2008) asserted that conflict is a situation that is felt and experienced by individuals and groups as a result of opposing views, interests and values.

When they are not resolved promptly and appropriately they lead to crisis situation, which results in disruption in the organization and people therein.

Globally, conflict has been identified as one major problem that hinders organizational efficiency and effectiveness. Regardless of the quality of a manager’s leadership or his or her style of management and however well planned the organizational structure, conflicts will occasionally arise within an organization. Infact every organization undergoes a certain amount of internal conflict that must be recognized and dealt with positively for the organization to progress.

Nahid and Reza (2009) said that how nurse perceive conflict influences how they react to it.

Types of Conflict

Mark (2013) indentified 7 types of conflict as follows:

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Person versus Fate/God: This category could be considered part of conflict with self or with As one confronts fate as part of an internal struggle and religion is a construct of society, He is bound to face conflict.
Person versus Self: A person’s struggle with his or her own prejudices or doubts or character flaws constitutes this type of
Person versus Person: Any story featuring a hero and a villain or villains, is/are often representative of antagonists, whether a villain in essence represents the conflict of person versus self or stands in for
Person versus Society: When the protagonist’s conflict extends to confronting institutions, traditions, or laws of his or her culture, he or she struggles to overcome them, either triumphing over a corrupt society , rejecting it , or succumbing to
Person versus Nature: In this conflict, the protagonist is pitted against nature or a representation of it, often in the form of an
Person versus Supernatural: Superficially, conflict with the supernatural may seem equivalent to conflict with fate or God, or representative of a struggle with an evocation of self or But this category stands on its own feet as well.
Person versus Technology: Humanity’s innate skepticism about the wonders of technology has resulted in many stories in which antagonists use technology gain power or in which technology takes over or becomes a malign influence on society.

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODS

This chapter presents the research design, area of the study, population of the study, subjects of study, instrument for data collection, validity of instrument, reliability of instrument, ethical consideration, procedure for data collection and method of data analysis.

Research Design

The research design for this study was descriptive survey method which is a non- experimental method that involves the observation and description of a process without influencing it (Shuffle Worth, 2008). Zaid et al (2011) successfully used this design to study the conflict management styles used by nurse managers in the Sultanate of Oman. The design was considered appropriate in this study to determine the status of the phenomenon as it exists at the time of study.

Area of the Study

The study was carried out in three Basic Schools of Nursing in Enugu State which include, School of Nursing, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospitals Enugu, School of Nursing, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Parklane Enugu and School of Nursing, Bishop Shanahan Hospital, Nsukka, Enugu State.

School of Nursing University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital is one of the two Schools of Nursing located in Enugu metropolis. It is located at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital old site within Enugu North Local Government area in Udi siding. Geograpshically old UNTH site is bounded on the north by Udi siding quarters and ‘ugwu’ Aaron, on the east by Coal Camp, West by Prisons and Prisons quarters and to the south by Central Police Stations (CPS) and Ogbete main market. Basic School of Nursing UNTH is located on the east pole of the UNTH old site community by the third major gate. It will take about 5 minutes relax trekking from the third gate to the school. The school has 3 sets of student nurses in training, and they admit students once a year. It has a total of 189 students, 16 academic staff and 12 non academic staff.

School of Nursing, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH) is located inside the Parklane Hospital community. In the western part, towards the college of medicine by the 2^nd gate about 5 minutes relax walk from the small gate. Parklane Hospital is located in Enugu metropolis in Enugu north local government area at Parklane Avenue, Government Reserved Area (GRA). The boundaries of the hospital are Shoprite and Games Shopping malls, Enugu State College of Education Technical and Government Technical College (GTC) in the north, South is bounded by Christ the king Catholic Church GRA Enugu and east by Salvage Crescent, GRA.

The School is in the three (3) storey complex housing all the schools in Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH). It is located in the basement and first floor of the complex. It has a total of 150 students, 19 academic staff, 5 clinicians, 2 ICT staff and 4 non academic staff, making a total of 180.

School of Nursing Bishop Shannahan is located inside Bishop Shannahan Hospital, Nsukka in Nsukka Local Government Area. The hospital is a mission hospital and located at the heart of Nsukka town near University of Nigeria Nsukka, about 350km from Peace Park near Ogige Market. The hospital is bounded to the south by new Anglican road, Anglican Church and Nsukka High School; to the north by new University Market road, Owerri-ani and UNN, east by Aku road and Ameze village and west by St. Theresa Cathedral Catholic Church. The school is 100km from the main gate behind the hospital wards.The school admit students once a year. It has a total of 150 students, 15 academic staff (6 nurse tutors and 9 others) 3 non academic staff making it 168.

Population of the Study

From school records of these Basic Schools of Nursing in Enugu State, the population of nurse tutors in School of Nursing, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital is sixteen (16) in number, 2 males and 14 females. That of School of Nursing Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Parklane is nineteen (19), 2 males and 17 females. And the number of tutors in School of Nursing Bishop Shanahan Hospital Nsukka is fifteen (15), comprising, 2 males and 13 females, bringing the total number of nurse tutors in Enugu State Basic Schools of Nursing to fifty (50).

CHAPTER FOUR

PRESENTATION OF RESULTS

This chapter deals with the presentation of the results, interpretation and summary of findings. The data were presented in tables. This was done based on the six objectives.

Respondents’ demographic data. The demographic characteristics of respondents are presented in table 1

As presented in table 1, 10 (20.0%) respondents were age 35year- old and below ,30 (60.0%) were age 36-45years old, 10 (20.0%) were 46 years and above. 39(78.0%) of the respondents were females while 11 (22%) were males. Mean is 41.30 sd=7.29.

37 (74.0%) of the respondents were married, 13(26%) of the respondents were single, Non is divorced/separated or Widowed.

2 (40%) of the respondents are registered Nurse/midwife, 6 (12.0%) are registered nurse tutor, Registered Nurse educator are 9 (18.0%) in number, the respondents with bachelor of science in nursing are 23 (46.0%), respondents with MSc nursing education is 10 (20.0%). Non of the respondents had ph,D nursing Education nor specified other qualifications.

49 (98.0%) of the respondents are Christian, and 1 (2.0%) of the respondent is Muslim. Non of the respondents is Atheist or pagan. 18 (36.0%) of the respondents were in the rank of nurse tutor, II (22.0%), of the respondents were senior nurse tutors, 2 (4.0%) of the respondents were in the position of principal nurse tutor, 4(8%) of the respondents were in the position of assistant chief nurse tutor, 12(24%) of the respondents are chief nurse tutor, 2(4%) of the respondents are Assistant Director of Nursing Education and finally 1 (2.0%) of the respondents were in the rank of deputy director of Nursing Education.

CHAPTER FIVE

Implications of the Study

Result of the study shows that a greater portion of the nurse tutors in Enugu State basic Schools of Nursing possessed the conflict management skills studied. This therefore, emphasized the need to carry out other studies on the other causes of conflict in Enugu State Basic School of Nursing as the conflict continually occur there despite their possession of conflict management skills.

The study also found out that nurse tutors in Enugu State Basic Schools Nursing posses conflict management skills ,since the conflict abounds and they have skills .They should be made to realize the consequences of this conflict in the school and made to use the skill they possess.

Those nurse tutors that possess some skills moderately should be sent on continous education on conflict management skills.

Limitation of the studies

The limitation encountered in this study was scarcity of literature in the topic.

Suggestion for Further Studies

Further studies could be carried out in the following area:

Other causes/ sources of conflict in Enugu State Basic Schools of
A similar study should be carried out in Nursing Departments of Nigerian Universities to ascertain if Nurse Lecturers possess conflict management

Summary of the Study

The main purpose of the study was to assess the conflict management skills of nurse tutors in Enugu State basic schools of nursing. The specific objectives were to: Assess the stress management skills in conflict management among nurse tutors in Enugu State Basic schools of nursing; assess the social skills in conflict management among nurse tutors in Enugu state basic schools of nursing; assess the avoidance skills in conflict management among nurse tutors in Enugu state basic school of nursing; assess the collaboration skills in conflict management among nurse tutors in Enugu state basic schools of nursing; assess the competing skills in conflict management among nurse tutors in Enugu State basic schools of nursing and if these conflict management skills of nurse tutors are determined by their socio-demographic characteristics. The study answered 6 research questions based on the objectives of the study. Relevant literature were reviewed and Dual concern model of conflict resolution was used to anchor the study. A cross sectional descriptive survey design was employed in the study. The entire population of 50 nurse tutors were used in the study. Data was collected using research constructed questionnaire with a reliability of 0.716. Statistical analysis of the data generated was done using simple descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the relationship between the variables. The major findings of this study are that in Enugu state Basic schools of nursing, a good number of nurse tutors highly utilized stress management skill in managing conflict. Overall mean is 4.74 SD=0.66. Most of the respondents highly make use of social skills in managing conflict. Overall mean is 5.10 SD=.54. Most of the respondents moderately make use of avoidance skills in conflict management. Overall mean is 3.99 SD=1.01. Many of the respondents highly utilized collaborative skills in managing their conflict. Overall mean is 4.5 SD=-.50.Majority of the respondents make moderate use of competing skills in conflict management .

There is no significant association between nurse tutors ‘ conflict management skills and their status. Overall F- test=.33
There is no significant difference between male and female nurse tutors in their conflict management skills .Overall F- test=.33

Conclusion

Based on the findings of this study, the following conclusions were made.The findings of this study are that in Enugu state Basic schools of
A good number of nurse tutors highly utilized stress management skill in managing conflict. Overall mean is 4.74 SD=0.66.
Most of the respondents highly make use of social skills in managing conflict. Overall mean is 5.10 SD=.54.
The list number of respondents moderately make use of avoidance skills in conflict management. Overall mean is 3.99 SD=1.01.
Many of the respondents possessed collaborative skills in managing their Overall mean is 4.5 SD=.50.
Almost half of the respondents make moderate use of competing skills in conflict management. There is no significant association between nurse tutors ‘ conflict management skils and their Gender . Overall F- test=.33.
There is no significant difference between nurse tutors’ conflict management skills and their Cadre .Overall F- test=.33

Recommendations

Other sources of conflict management should be identified to solve their
Nurse tutors should use the skills they have to solve their
Nurses should find other ways in addition to conflict management skills they .
Conflict management to be part of school of nursing curriculum to reduce conflict between nurses within and outside the

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