Effect of Chrome Tanning Effluent on Cohesive Soils
Chapter One
OBJECTIVES
The main objective of this study will be to determine the Effect Of Chrome Tanning Effluent On Cohesive Soils. Specifically, it will aim:
- To study the behavior of virgin clay soil and clay contaminated with tannery effluent.
- To measure the basic index properties of contaminated soil.
- To identify the shear strength and static response of contaminated soil using unconfined compressive strength.
- To increase the stability of the contaminated soil by using industrial by products such as lime with waste stone powder.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Das and Das (2003) reported the analysis of effluents released from different source and characteristics of soil ground water near to the source of contamination. In a case study the area selected for investigation comprises a food processing industry in Bangalore and Karnataka. The collected samples of effluent and groundwater where analysis for parameters like pH, nitrate, chloride, phosphate etc…. Groundwater samples are analyses for facal coli form. Results shows that discharge of waste water on the land, effectively reduce the contaminence due to the absorption/chemical reaction in the soil media.
Shiva pullaiah et.al (2000) have illustrated the effectiveness of lime treatment of soil in the presence of sulphate. It has been concluded that the presence of sulphate in soils considerably reduces the shear strength of lime treated black cotton soil after curing for long periods. However for short curing periods, the effect of sulphate is marginal.
Gosh et.al (2000) investigated the behavior of soil using NaCl, has the contaminant at concentration in high level. It is found that permeability increases appreciably with increase in concentration of contaminence, porosity of soil has no substantial effect on the increase in permeability of soil due to contamination, transport of contaminence through soil sample can be treated as advective – diffusive flow.
Mallikarjuna Rao et al., (2008) studied the influence of spent orange dye effluent from a Textile industry on a clayey soil. The soil was mixed with spent orange dye effluent and tested for index properties and geotechnical properties after various periods of curing. The dye effluent and its constituents were to be induced to bonding and flocculation to the soil which results in food engineering properties.
Narasimha Rao and Chittaranjan (2012) investigated the effect on textile, tannery and battery effluents on expensive clay soil and showed that when soil is treated with textile and battery effluent separately has decrease in maximum dry density and optimum moisture content has increased by their observation. But when it is treated with effluent opposite trend is observed. Hence strength characteristics like CBR and UCS, Triaxial shear strength parameters are obtained at optimum pore fluid content and maximum dry unit weight are influenced strongly by these types of these industrial effluents.
CHAPTER THREE
Methodology
Materials
The following materials will be used for the study
Natural clay soil
Chrome tanning effluent
Lime
Waste stone powder
Natural clay soil
Clay is a natural rock which will be finely gained soil materials that combines one or more minerals of clay with possible phrases of quartz, metal oxides and organic matter. Geologic clay deposits are mostly composed of minerals of phyllosilicate.
Chrome tanning effluent
A large quantity of water is used in tannery process of which 90% of the water is discharge as effluent. During the chrome tanning process 40% of unused chromium salts are usually discharge in the final effluent.
REFERENCES
- Rao A.V.N., Naik K.V.N.L. and Bali Reddy S. (2012) A Study on the Geotechnical Properties of Tannery Effluent on black cotton soil mixes Proceeding of Advances in Civil Engineering and Infrastructure Development.
- Rao , A.V.N. and Chittaranjan M., (2012) Effect of industrial effluents on the compaction characteristics of expansive soil- A comparative study , International Journal of Engineering inventions.
- Rao A.V.N., Chittaranjan M ., and Naik K.V.N.L. (2012) , Undrained shear strength characteristics of an expansive soil treatment with certain industrial effluents at different pore fluid content ratios.
- Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology.
- Muthukkumaran K. (2010), Effect of Liquid Waste on the Index and Engineering Behavior of Cohesive Soils, Indian Geotechnical Journal.
- Gibbs, H.J., Bara, J.P. Stability problems of collapsing soil. J. Soil Mech. Found (1967).