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Human Kinetics and Physical Education Project Topics

Effects of Eight Weeks Plyometric Training on Trunk Flexibility of Female Human Kinetic Student of University of Benin

Effects of Eight Weeks Plyometric Training on Trunk Flexibility of Female Human Kinetic Student of University of Benin

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Effects of Eight Weeks Plyometric Training on Trunk Flexibility of Female Human Kinetic Student of University of Benin

CHAPTER ONE

Purposeย of theย Study

Theย main purposeย of thisย was to;

  • To assess the effects of plyometric training on the abdominal strength of female human kinetic students of University of Benin, Edo state, Nigeria
  • To assess the effects of plyometric training on the endurance of female human kinetic students of University of Benin, Edo state, Nigeria
  • To assess the effects of plyometric training on the explosive power of female human kinetic students of University of Benin, Edo state, Nigeria
  • To assess the effects of plyometric training on the flexibility of female human kinetic students of University of Benin, Edo state, Nigeria
  • To assess the effects of plyometric training on the speed of female human kinetic students of University of Benin, Edo state, Nigeria
  • To assess the effects of plyometric training on the agility of female human kinetic students of University of Benin, Edo state, Nigeria

CHAPTERย TWO

REVIEWย OFย RELATED LITERATURE

Bioย Motorย Abilityย Variables

Das, Subramaniam and Paul (2014), investigated the fact about the influence of complex training with core exercise programme on agility among soccer players. To achieve the purpose of the study the researcher had selected sixty intercollegiate Soccer players at random and divided them into four equal groups namely experimental group โ€žAโ€Ÿ underwent complex training (CTG), experimental group โ€žBโ€Ÿ underwent core exercise programme (CEPG), experimental group โ€žCโ€Ÿ underwent complex training with core exercise programme (CTCEPG) and control group (CG) did not participated in any of the training programme other than their regular activities. The result of the study revealed after the completion of twelve weeks of training period that the CTG, CEPG and CTCEPG were significantly improved in agility when compared with control group at 0.05 level of confidence interval. Manjo, Rebelo, Abrantes and Sampaio (2010), conducted a study that the short-term effect of complex and contrast training on vertical jump, sprint and agility among elite Soccer players. To achieve the purpose of study twenty three (23) elite Portuesses soccer player were selected at random (age ranged from 17.6 ยฑ 0.6 years). The selected subject were divided into two experimental group (G1 n = 9 and G2 n = 8) and one control group (G3 n = 6). The G1 and G2 groups have done their regular soccer training along with a six-week strength training programme. The load was increased by 5% from 1 repetition maximum each two weeks. The result of the study showed reduction in sprint times (P < 0.05) and increased on squat and jump (P < 0.05) in favour of G1 and G2. Shaikh & Mallick (2012), did study on the effect of plyometric training and weightย training on selected motor ability components among University male students. For the purposeย of the study the investigator selected sixty male students at random from different colleges andย theirย ageย betweenย 19-25ย years.ย Theย selectedย subjectsย wereย dividedย intoย threeย groups.ย Experimental group one underwent weight training programme (WTG), Experimental group twoย underwent Plyometric training (PTG) and control group (CG) did not participated in any of theย training programme. After the completion of eight-week training programme the investigatorย found that the experimental group significantly improved in speed, explosive power, muscularย enduranceย andย agilityย whenย compared with controlย groupย at 0.05ย level of confidence.

Johnson, Burns and Azevedo (2013), investigated the effect of specific two types of exercise sequence in plyometric training on strength, speed and agility in high school medical students. Thirty nine adolescent medical students were selected at random. Manipulating training programme, the result of the study clearly showed that both traditional resistance method (TRAD) and circuit resistance method (CIRC) significantly improved strength, speed and agility after the end of plyometric training exercise sequence protocol. Arazi, Coetzee and Asadi (2012), conducted a study comparative effect of land and aquatic-based plyometric training on jumping ability and agility of young basketball players. To achieve the goal of the study eighteen young basketball players (age 18.81 ยฑ 1.46 years) were randomly assigned to aquatic plyometric training (AP), land Plyometric training (LP) and control group (CG). The training was for a period of eight weeks. After the 8 weeks of training period the study showed the significant improvement in post-test of the experimental group when compared with the pre test at (P < 0.05), whereas control group showed no significant differences between pre-test and post-test in jumping performance and agility.

 

CHAPTERย THREE

METHODOLOGY

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of plyometric training programme onย theย biomotorย abilitiesย ofย female human kinetic studentsย ofย Uniben,ย Edo state,ย Nigeria.ย Theย biomotorย abilitiesย assessedย were;ย muscularย strength,ย muscularย endurance,ย speed,ย flexibility,ย explosiveย power and agility. To achieve this purpose, the research design, population, sample and samplingย technique,ย instrumentation,ย testingย procedures,ย trainingย protocols,ย experimentalย controlsย andย proceduresย forย data analysisย areย allย explainedย in this chapter.

Researchย Design

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In this study, the one (1) group repeated measures research design was used. Participantsย for the study carried out plyometric training programme for a duration of 12-weeks which wasย organized in a circuit of six (6) stations of training activities. The activities were the hand dips,ย lateral pull, leg/knee extension, leg press, seated leg curl and abdominal curl. These activitiesย were performed on a Universal Gym Machine (Livestrong). Participants were also involved inย biomotor ability tests of muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, power, speed andย agility, four (4) times to ascertain the effects of the training programme with the followingย interval; base-lineย test, 4th, 8thย and 12thย week test.

CHAPTERย FOUR

RESULTSย ANDย DISCUSSION

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of plyometric training on the biomotorย abilities of female human kinetic students of Uniben, Edo state, Nigeria. To achieve this purpose, the dataย collected at base-line, 4th, 8thย and 12thย week of training respectively were statistically analyzed,ย the results of which were presented and discussed according to hypotheses in this chapter. Theย biomotor variables assessed were abdominal strength, endurance (VO2ย max), explosive power,ย flexibility, speed and agility of female human kinetic students of University of Benin Edo state,ย Nigeria. A total of twenty (20) participants were recruited for the study for a duration of 12ย weeks.

CHAPTERย FIVE

SUMMARY,ย CONCLUSIONSย ANDย RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

The study was conducted to assess the effects of plyometric training on biomotor abilities of female human kinetic students in Uniben, Edo state, Nigeria. To achieve the purpose of this study, twenty (20) female human kinetic students were drawn from the total population (33) of all the female human kinetic students of Uniben, Edo state, Nigeria; and served as participants for the study. A multi- stage sampling technique of purposive, stratified and simple random sampling were used to select the participants. The twenty (20) female human kinetic students sampled for the study comprises of all the playing positions in the football game (that is, defence, mid field, forward and goalkeepers). The repeated-measures research design was adopted for the study, which provided room for the plyometric training method to be organised around six (6) stations of circuit activities (Hand dips, lateral pull, leg press, leg curl, leg/knee extension and abdominal curl) and four (4) assessments of participants biomotor abilities at base-line, at 4th, 8thย and 12thย week ofย plyometric training.

The training programme lasted for 12 weeks. The participants were all given informedย consent formsย to fillย and return, confirming their readiness and willingness to undergo theย training procedures. A written ethical permission was also obtained from ABU, Zaria, Ethicalย Committee,ย to carryย out theย research.

All the plyometric training sessions were preceded by ten (10) minutes warm up activitiesย which included 5 minutes of easy jogging, jumping jacks, and stretching (active and static) for 5ย minutes of the muscles of the upper and lower limbs. The plyometric training programme wasย structuredย toย lastย forย 12ย weeks,ย withย trainingย sessionsย dividedย intoย threeย (3)ย phases.ย Eachย phase

lastedย forย fourย (4)ย weeks,ย andย arrangedย asย follows;ย phaseย oneย โ€“ย 1stย โ€“ย 4thย week,ย phaseย twoย โ€“ย 5thย โ€“ย 8thย weekย and phaseย threeย –ย 9th โ€“ย 12thย week respectively.

Participants performed six (6) selected different dynamic resistance activities arranged inย a circuit with each activity serving as a station. These six (6) activities included; the hand dips,ย lateral pull, leg press, leg/knee extension, leg curl and abdominal curl. Each training sessionย lasted for 60 minutes (one hour) and three training sessions per week on alternate days (Monday,ย Wednesday and Friday). The plyometric training of phase one was based on 50% 1-RM of 12ย repetitions,ย forย 3ย setsย withย restย intervalย (RI)ย ofย oneย andย halfย (11/2)ย minutesย betweenย sets.ย Phaseย two was based on 60%ย 1-RM of 12ย repetitions for 3 sets with rest interval (RI)ย ofย two (2)ย minutes between set and phase three (3) intensity of training was based on 65% 1-RM of 12ย repetitionsย forย 3ย sets withย twoย and half (21/2)ย minutes rest intervalย (RI)ย between set.

After each phase of training was concluded, each participants biomotor ability tests of sit-ย up for abdominal strength, VO2ย max for endurance, sit and reach for flexibility, broad jump forย explosive power, 50 metre dash for speed and 20 metre shuttle run for agility were carried outย first at baseline and after each phase of the three phases of training. Results obtained wereย recordedย for eachย phaseย (atย baseline,ย at 4th,ย 8thย andย 12thย week ofย training respectively).

Data collected were statistically analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of repeated measures ANOVA. The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 alpha-level of significance. The research results revealed that abdominal strength increased at all the assessment stages above base-line results (P = 0.001). Similarly, results of VO2 max revealed increased endurance ability of the participants above baseline results (P = 0.001). Explosive power of participants also improved at all assessment stages when compared with baseline data (P = 0.001). The flexibility of participants also improved at all assessment stages when comparedย  with baseline data (P = 0.001). The speed ability of participants also improved at all assessmentย stages when compared with baseline data (P = 0.001). The agility of the participants similarityย improvedย at all assessmentย stagesย when comparedย with baselineย dataย (P =ย 0.001).

From the results above, it could be concluded that there was significant effect of plyometric training (RT) on the selected biomotor abilities (abdominal strength, endurance, power, flexibility, speed and agility) of female human kinetic students of University of Benin Edo state, Nigeria. Based on the study, the following summary of the major findings includes;

  1. There was significant improvement in the abdominal strength of female human kinetic students of University of Benin (Uniben), Edo state (P = 001) at the 4th,ย 8thย andย 12thย weekย ofย plyometric training.
  2. There was significant improvement in the VO2max of female human kinetic students of University of Beninย (Uniben),ย Edo state (Pย =ย 001) atย the 4th,ย 8thย andย 12thweek of plyometric training.
  3. There was significant improvement in the explosive power of female human kinetic students ofUniversity of Beninย (Uniben),ย Edo stateย (Pย =ย 001)ย atย theย 4th,ย 8thย andย 12thย weekย ofย plyometric training.
  4. There was significant improvement in the flexibility of female human kinetic students of University of Benin (Uniben), Edo state (P = 0.001) at the 4th, 8thand 12thย week ofย plyometric training.
  5. There was significant improvement in the speed of female human kinetic students of University of Benin (Uniben), Edo state (P = 0.001) at the 4th, 8thand 12thย week ofย plyometric training.
  6. There was significant improvement in the agility of female human kinetic students of University of Benin (Uniben), Edo state (P = 0.001) at the 4th, 8thand 12thย week ofย plyometric training.

Conclusionsย 

Basedย onย theย findings of theย study,ย theย followingย conclusionsย wereย drawn;

  1. There was significant effect of plyometric training on the abdominal strength of female human kinetic students of Uniben, Edo state, Nigeria (P = 001). The trunk, hips and abdominal muscles are more resilencent during performance.
  2. There was significant effect of plyometric training on the VO2max (endurance) ofย female human kinetic students of Uniben, Edo state, Nigeria (P = 0.001). The general enduranceย ofย the players isย generally
  3. There was significant effect of plyometric training on the explosive power of female human kinetic students of Uniben, Edo state, Nigeria (P = 0.001). The explosive leg power of players is greatly
  4. There was significant effect of plyometric training on the flexibility of female human kinetic students of Uniben, Edo state, Nigeria (P = 0.001). The free movements of players at the joints are greatly
  5. There was significant effect of plyometric training on the speed of female human kinetic students of Uniben, Edo state, Nigeria (P = 0.001). This makes players to freely move fast and quickly towards the direction of movement to achieve the desire
  6. There was significant effect of plyometric training on the agility of female human kinetic students of Uniben, Edo state, Nigeria (P = 0.001). This helps the players to manoeuverwithinย available spaceย during

Recommendationsย 

Onย theย basis ofย theย findings ofย this study,ย theย followingย recommendations areย made;

  1. Football is the most popular sport in University of Benin Edo state, therefore, the Uniben, Edo state authorities should fully equip or upgrade to acceptable standards, the existing physical fitness laboratory or gym in the College to meet the training needs of all medical students. This would further popularize the use of plyometric training as a preferred method of improving many physiological variables of medical students in the colleges of education and other tertiary institutions in Nigeria.
  2. Biomotor ability training and tests of abdominal strength, endurance (VO2ย max),ย flexibility, explosive power, speed and agility should be carried out regularly by coachesย and trainers of female human kinetic students of the College. This would improve the generalย performance of the team and most desirably win titles for the College, especially theย seemingly elusive Nigeria Colleges of Education Games Association (NICEGA) Footballย Championship Cup.
  3. Coaches and trainers should be sponsored for further studies at home and abroad toimprove their knowledge in modern scientific training methods, especially plyometric training method. This would help to establish standards and produce quality medical studentsย in colleges of education andย otherย tertiaryย institution in Nigeria.

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