Impact of School Plant Planning on Student Academic Performance in Senior Secondary School in Shomolu Lga of Lagos State Nigeria.
CHAPTER ONE
Objective of Study
The main purpose of this research is to examine impact of school plant planning on student academic Performance in senior secondary school in Shomolu LGA of Lagos state Nigeria. The objectives include:
- To examine the psychological effects of school plant planning on student academic Performance.
- To find the major source of funding of school plant planning in Senior Secondary Schools.
- To examine the influence of school plant planning and its effects on the students’ response to activities in Secondary Schools.
- Examine the impacts of school plant planning on the quality of education in Secondary Schools.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Introduction
This chapter presents the frameworks of the study in addition to a review of empirical studies on impact of school plant planning on student academic Performance in senior secondary school in Shomolu LGA of Lagos state Nigeria. Literature is reviewed around the following sub-heads:
- The Conceptual Framework
- Need for School Plant Planning
- Prerequisites for Effective School Plant Planning
- Characteristics of the School Plant
- Problems of School Plant Planning
- School Plant Planning and Academic Development
- Stages of School Facilities Management
- Implication of Ineffective School Facilities Management
- Summary of Literature Review
The Conceptual Framework
Educational buildings and facilities also connote ‘school plants’. It is an integral part of the over-all process of developing an effective educational system. Education is the development of attitudes and potentialities which are inherent in the individual and which permits the individual to live a full life. It is the function of the school, as a formal place of learning, to achieve this objective. The mere mention of the school brings to mind the issue of the school plant.
School facilities in most Nigerian schools today are apt to reinforce rote teaching method and further hinder the students’ capacity for independent and creative thinking (Cataldi, 2012). The typical school building in Nigeria is usually a simple row of bare classroom structures – often of rectangular shapes walls in which chairs, tables, which students must fight for space. According to Ezeocha (2005), inadequate physical facilities can lead to undesirable personal behaviours, and large group interaction such as sports/games, drama etc. cannot be conducted effectively without adequate physical space and equipment.
School plant planning is an integral part of the over-all educational planning. Planning, according to Dermer (2007) ‘is the process by which an organisation solves the problem of determining its relationship with its environment’. It is the process of collecting desired facts or information and making decisions by which the authority enunciated objectives and determines the pattern of action to solve these objectives. Dermer (2007) also stressed the importance of planning when he postulated that ‘planning encourages innovation, mind-stretching and search for more and better alternatives.’ He added that planning reconciles objectives, opportunities, and capabilities and lends itself as a factor for selecting targets and means of achieving those targets. It is clear, therefore, that planning is absolutely needed in order to avoid the frustration that may arise in the absence of adequate planning. School plant planning is only a part of the over-all educational planning, and can be seen to centre around:
- Curriculum planning
- Instructional Planning
- Operational Planning
- Organisational Planning
- Personnel Planning
- Evaluation Planning
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Preamble
This chapter explains the techniques used in collecting and analysing the relevant data and information for this study. It states the extent to which the findings of the study can be generalized. It is discussed under the following heading:
- Research Design
- Study Area
- Population of Study
- Sampling Procedure and Sample Size
- Data Collection Instrument
- Reliability of the Instrument
- Method of Data Analysis
- Limitations of the Methodology
Research Design
Descriptive survey research design was adopted in this study. This is because a study of this nature requires an in-depth inquiry, which can only be conducted through a survey. As such, a research survey was undertaken in the five selected Senior Secondary Schools in Education District II Shomolu Local Government Area, Lagos.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
This chapter is designed to present data and result of the analysis. All responses collected through self-administered questionnaires were carefully assessed mathematically and statistically. A simple percentage was used to describe all responses to personal data and Research questions relating to the “impact of school plant planning on student academic Performance in senior secondary school in Shomolu LGA of Lagos state Nigeria”.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of the Study
The study examined impact of school plant planning on student academic Performance in senior secondary school in Shomolu LGA of Lagos state Nigeria. The study revealed that school plants planning such as school site planning, instructional space planning, administrative space planning, space of convenience planning and circulation space planning are essential in teaching and learning process in the school system. The study revealed that school plant planning is an integral part of the over-all educational planning
The study also showed that school plant is very essential to achieving positive outcomes in the teaching – learning process. The school plant is the pillar and support of all teaching and learning activities. The site, size, arrangement and other aspects of the classroom, support facilities such as labs, toilets and other equipment can either be welcoming or repulsive to students and students alike.
Planning encourages innovation, mind-stretching and search for more and better alternatives. It further revealed that School facilities management involves keeping records of the facilities, supervising the facilities, planning for the facilities, motivating students and students to participate in facilities maintenance and evaluating the available facilities.
The study also revealed that teaching effectiveness has been accepted as a multidimensional construct since it measures a variety of different aspects of teaching such as; subject mastery, effective communication, lesson preparation and presentation. The influence of students’ academic Performance on the learning outcome as measured by academic performance has been the subject of several studies.
The study further showed that the sampling technique used was the simple random sampling which was adopted for the sample size of 100 respondents in five selected Senior Secondary Schools in Education District II Shomolu Local Government Area, Lagos. Lastly, the study discussed the presentation and data analysis, in which data received from respondents was eighty-five (85) which was subjected to statistical test using Pearson Products Moment Correlation.
Conclusion
Well planned school plant will gear up expected outcomes of education, that will facilitate good social, political and economic emancipation; effective teaching and learning and academic performance of students. Therefore it can be said that the school plant is an essential aspect of educational planning because unless schools are well suited, buildings adequately constructed and equipment adequately provided much teaching and learning may not take place.
The study also concludes that high levels of students’ academic performance may not be guaranteed where instructional space such as classrooms libraries, technical workshop and laboratories are lacking.
The study further concludes that: there is positive relationship between school plant planning and student academic Performance in secondary school. There is significant relationship between school plant planning and quality of education in Secondary Schools.
Recommendations
The following recommendations were made for the study:
- Government should as a matter of urgency set up a committee or appoint persons saddled with the responsibility of monitoring school plants, procurement, installation, utilization, management and maintenance.
- School principals, teachers and students should be trained to inculcate maintenance culture in their curricula.
- Teachers and students should be exposed to periodic workshops on procurement, management and maintenance of school facilities.
- Government and school authorities should make adequate annual budgetary provisions for school plants to allow for periodic replacement, continuity and availability.
- School administrators and teachers should ensure that they do not use corporal punishment as a classroom management technique.
- Teachers should also ensure that they create positive learning environment. When the classroom physical learning environment is conducive, students will develop a positive attitude towards schooling and always be attentive in class during instruction.
- There is the need to build more classrooms and make more adequate provision for seats especially in urban schools to ease the problem of overcrowded classrooms and poor sitting arrangement that presently make teaching and learning difficult in public secondary schools. This will further improve effective classrooms control for better teaching and learning to take place in the schools.
Suggestions for Further Research
Future research should be conducted in the area of projects for school facilities in order to ensure high standards in the construction and supply of school facilities. This would ensure that funds are prudently used on school plant which last longer and needs less maintenance and depreciation.
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