Knowledge and Attitude of Pregnant Women Towards Hepatitis B Infection. Case Study of phc Okada Ovia North Edo
CHAPTER ONE
Objective of the study
The objectives of the study are;
- To ascertain the knowledge of pregnant women in phc okada ovia North Edo towards hepatitis B
- To find out the attitude of pregnant women in phc okada ovia North Edo towards hepatitis B
- To find out preventive measure of hepatitis B by pregnant women
- To find if there is effect of hepatitis on pregnant women
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infection of your liver. It’s caused by a virus. There is a vaccine that protects against it. For some people, hepatitis B is mild and lasts a short time. These “acute” cases don’t always need treatment. But it can become chronic. If that happens, it can cause scarring of the organ, liver failure, and cancer, and it even can be life-threatening.
It’s spread when people come in contact with the blood, open sores, or body fluids of someone who has the hepatitis B virus.
It’s serious, but if you get the disease as an adult, it shouldn’t last a long time. Your body fights it off within a few months, and you’re immune for the rest of your life. That means you can’t get it again. But if you get it at birth, it’ unlikely to go away.
“Hepatitis” means inflammation of the liver. There are other types of hepatitis. Those caused by viruses also include hepatitis A and hepatitis C.
Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is a major global health problem. It can cause chronic infection and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer.
A safe and effective vaccine that offers 98% to 100% protection against hepatitis B is available. Preventing hepatitis B infection averts the development of complications including chronic disease and liver cancer.
The burden of hepatitis B infection is highest in the WHO Western Pacific Region and the WHO African Region, where 116 million and 81 million people, respectively, are chronically infected. Sixty million people are infected in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, 18 million in the WHO South-East Asia Region, 14 million in the WHO European Region and 5 million in the WHO Region of the Americas.
Transmission
In highly endemic areas, hepatitis B is most commonly spread from mother to child at birth (perinatal transmission) or through horizontal transmission (exposure to infected blood), especially from an infected child to an uninfected child during the first 5 years of life. The development of chronic infection is common in infants infected from their mothers or before the age of 5 years.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study sought to examine Knowledge and attitude of pregnant women towards hepatitis B infection. case study of phc okada ovia North Edo.
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
- Primary source and
- Secondary source
Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
Population of the study
Population of a study is a group of persons or aggregate items, things the researcher is interested in gathering information relevant to Knowledge and attitude of pregnant women towards hepatitis B infection. Two hundred (200) staffs of phc okada ovia North Edo was selected randomly by the researcher as the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF DATA
One hundred and sixty (160) questionnaires were distributed and one hundred and forty (133) were returned. This figure was the sample size. Out of the one hundred and thirty-three, only one hundred and twenty (120) were properly responded to. As a result, the researcher used one hundred and twenty for this study when more than 50% of the respondents agree to the questions, the answer is taken as valid for the purpose of this study. In analyzing the data, the approach that will be adopted is to find out the percentage and positive and negative answers to the question posed.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was Knowledge and attitude of pregnant women towards hepatitis B infection. case study of phc okada ovia North Edo. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of Knowledge and attitude of pregnant women towards hepatitis B infection
Summary
This study was on Knowledge and attitude of pregnant women towards hepatitis B infection. case study of phc okada ovia North Edo. Four objectives were raised which included: To ascertain the knowledge of pregnant women in phc okada ovia North Edo towards hepatitis B, to find out the attitude of pregnant women in phc okada ovia North Edo towards hepatitis B, to find out preventive measure of hepatitis B by pregnant women and to find if there is effect of hepatitis on pregnant women. In line with these objectives, four research questions were formulated and answered. The total population for the study was 200 staffs of phc Okada Ovia North, Edo state. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study.
Conclusion
The pregnant women in this study had insufficient knowledge and understanding about hepatitis B infection. It is more so in less educated individuals. Simple interventions like handing out an information hand-out may not be sufficient to improve the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding hepatitis B, even among relatively educated individuals. More intensive and targeted approaches to deliver the appropriate information in a simplified and acceptable means needs to be implemented. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of such interventions.
Recommendation
Public health interventions to improve HBV antenatal screening practices are needed, particularly at primary healthcare settings, to eliminate mother-to-child transmission. Extensive health education program should be given to the pregnant women to increase their awareness towards HBV infection. All pregnant women should be screened for HBV as part of ANC follow-up.
References
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