National Security and Socioeconomic in South East Region, A Study of IPOB Sit-At-Home Order
Chapter One
Objective of the study
The objectives of the study are;
- To analyze the effects of IPOB sit-at-home orders on national security.
- To know the socioeconomic consequences of the sit-at-home directives
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEWED OF RELATED LITERATURE
The Concept of Insecurity
Insecurity refers to the breach of peace and security, whether historical, religious, ethno-regional, civil, social, economic and political that have contributed to recurring conflicts which Nigeria has witnessed over the years resulting in wanton destruction and loss of life and property. Insecurity in the other hand is the antithesis of security. However, because of the very many ways in which insecurity affect human life and existence. The concept of insecurity has usually been ascribed different interpretations in association with the various ways which affect individuals. Some of the common descriptors of insecurity include; want of safety, danger, hazard, uncertainty, want of confidence, doubtful, inadequately, guarded or protection, lacking of stability, trouble and unsafe to mention few. All of these have been use by different people to define the concept of insecurity, Beland (2005). To me insecurity is an unselfish feeling, a state of mind characterized by self-doubt and vulnerability. Insecurity is a feeling of not being secured. It is a feeling of being a target for hot or harm, when you set right down to it.
Two views are of essence to this paper. These are (1) Insecurity as the state of being open or subject to danger or threat of danger, where danger is the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury, and (2)Insecurity as the state of being exposed to risk or anxiety, where anxiety is a vague unpleasant emotion that is experienced in anticipation of some misfortune. A major point about insecurity implied in these definitions is that those affected by insecurity are not only uncertain or unaware of what would happen but they are also not able to stop it or protect themselves when it happens. It is in this view that we would describe insecurity in this paper as: ‘not knowing, a lack of control, and inability to take defensive action against forces that portend harm or danger to an individual or group, or what make them vulnerable’. ‘Vulnerability’ is the situation that we do not know and we cannot face or anticipate. It is also something we may know would happen but we are not able to face it. (Ehi O. 2009).
Internal security is defined as the ability of the Nigerian State to successful pursue her internal interest, being able to protect the poor value of the state and be able to protect the civil security’ of the citizen.
Models of Security Strategic Management
This approach consists of a combination of two models, viz, the two way approach model, and the composite approach model. The two-way approach model aims at combating the creators and perpetrators of insecurity, and simultaneously addressing and removing the causes or sources of dissatisfaction or discontentment which cause security breaches. The composite approach model aims at involving all stakeholders, both in public and private capacity government, communities, business organizations, civil society, religious groups and individuals to supply resources, expertise and information that are required to ensure a safe environment. For the purposed of this paper, the two-way model is going to be adopted (White G. 2009).
The two-way approach model
This model is two part model. One part is to remove the factors which cause people to engage in acts of insecurity, and the other part is to combat the perpetrators of insecurity. The first part considers and entrenches all of the methods from the various views presented above. The second part is to combat the criminals both with the long arm of the law and the force of arms. This meant to stop or prevent criminals from creating and perpetuating insecurity. It involves being prepared at all times and being proactive, and pursuing them wherever they are. The objective is to protect innocent citizens from harm. A major strategy in this regard is to identify and map out black spots on physical insecurity. This requires vigilance on our environment on the part of security agencies, particularly with terrorist attacks of the Boko Haram. We refer to black spots as such locations and areas where the sect can take advantage of political and economic vulnerabilities to launch their operations and attract recruits. They include those areas which are politically volatile, and with a large mass of uneducated and abjectly poor population that can easily be recruited as terrorist operatives; the highly insecure areas may perhaps are of the habit of uncritical thinking especially to the opinion of their leaders who are highly benerated. Common language and culture with another country as a result of proximity and shared border may lead a network of transnational crime and terrorism. Such black spots facilitate smuggling of illicit weapons and personnel through the borders without being detected (White G. 2009).
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
According to Udoyen (2019), a study population is a group of elements or individuals as the case may be, who share similar characteristics. These similar features can include location, gender, age, sex or specific interest. The emphasis on study population is that it constitutes of individuals or elements that are homogeneous in description.
This study was carried to examine National security and socioeconomic in south east region, a study of IPOB sit at home order. Selected residents in Oweri, Imo State form the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which only seventy-seven (77) were returned and validated. This was due to irregular, incomplete and inappropriate responses to some questionnaire. For this study a total of 77 was validated for the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain National security and socioeconomic in south east region, a study of IPOB sit at home order. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing National security and socioeconomic in south east region, a study of IPOB sit at home order
Summary
This study was on National security and socioeconomic in south east region, a study of IPOB sit at home order. Three objectives were raised which included: To analyze the effects of IPOB sit-at-home orders on national security and to know the socioeconomic consequences of the sit-at-home directives. A total of 77 responses were received and validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents were drawn from selected residents in Owerri, Imo state. Hypothesis was tested using Chi-Square statistical tool (SPSS).
Conclusion
In the face of these challenges, the study’s significance lies in its potential to inform policy decisions, foster academic discussions, and contribute to the broader discourse on conflict resolution, political agitation, and socioeconomic development. By addressing the implications of the IPOB sit-at-home orders, policymakers and stakeholders can work toward promoting regional stability, economic growth, and social cohesion in the South East region and Nigeria as a whole. The study ultimately emphasizes the importance of dialogue, inclusive governance, and holistic strategies in addressing the multifaceted challenges posed by political movements and their ramifications.
Recommendation
Based on the comprehensive analysis of the implications of the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) sit-at-home orders in the South East region of Nigeria, several recommendations emerge to address the multifaceted challenges posed by these directives. These recommendations encompass a range of areas, from national security to socioeconomic development and conflict resolution:
- Engage in Constructive Dialogue: Initiate and facilitate meaningful dialogues between relevant stakeholders, including the Nigerian government, IPOB representatives, community leaders, and civil society organizations. These dialogues should address grievances, historical injustices, and political concerns, fostering an environment conducive to peaceful resolution.
- Community-Oriented Policing: Security forces should adopt community-oriented policing approaches that prioritize building trust and positive interactions with local communities. This approach can help mitigate tensions and reduce the potential for violent clashes during protests.
- Socioeconomic Recovery Initiatives: Develop targeted economic recovery plans to mitigate the impact of the sit-at-home orders on businesses, markets, and educational institutions. Support small and medium enterprises (SMEs) through grants, low-interest loans, and training programs to enhance resilience against disruptions.
- Conflict Sensitivity Training: Provide specialized training to security forces on conflict sensitivity, human rights, and peaceful crowd management. This will enable security personnel to respond to protests with professionalism, reducing the risk of human rights violations and excessive use of force.
- Inclusive Governance: Foster a more inclusive governance framework that incorporates diverse voices from the South East region. This can be achieved by appointing representatives from the region to key government positions and involving local communities in decision-making processes.
- Media Responsibility: Media outlets should exercise responsibility in reporting events related to the IPOB sit-at-home orders. Balanced, accurate, and unbiased reporting can contribute to reducing misinformation, fear, and tension within the region.
References
- Ayitogo, N. (2021). ANALYSIS: Despite Nnamdi Kanu’s incarceration, IPOBlinked killings, attacks continue in South-east. Available at: https://www.premiumtimesng.com/n ews/headlines/479379-analysis-despitennamdi-kanus-inc arceration-ipoblinked-killings-attacks-continue-in-southeast.html [Accessed 19th October 2022].
- Azeez, W. (2022). FACT CHECK: Does Nigeria lose $1bn weekly owing to IPOB’s sit-at-home order? Retrieved from FACT CHECK: Does Nigeria lose $1bn weekly owing to IPOB’s sit-at-home order? | TheCable [Accessed 15th October 2022].
- Bitar, N., Hamadeh, M., & Khoueiri, R. (2019). Impact of political instability on foreign direct investment in Lebanon. Asian Social Science. (16), 1, 41-48.
- Emeruwa, C. (2021). Sit-at-home order: Total compliance in Nnamdi Kanu’s home state, Abia. Available at: https://dailypost.ng/2021/08/09/sitat-home-order-total-compliance-in-nnamdikanus-home-state- abia/ [Accessed 17th October 2022].
- Esho, G. (2022). Nigerian state and IPOB: The social, political, cultural and religious interplay. Available at: https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/ 07/nigerian-state-and-ipob-the-socialpolitical-cultural-and-r eligious-interplay/ [Accessed 19th October 2022].
- Conroy, R.M. (2018). The RCSI Sample Size Handbook. RCSI Data Science Centre Guides, 4-9. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.30497.51043. [Accessed 19th October 2022].
- Emenike, C. (2020). EndSARS protest: Lagos loses N234 million to tollgates closure. Retrieved from #EndSARS protest: Lagos loses N234 million to tollgates closure – (nairametrics.com). [Accessed 14th October 2022].
