Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Analysis of Mystletoe Leaves
CHAPTER ONE
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
The aim of this project is
- To determine the class of phytochemical compounds existing in Mistle Toe leaf.
- To determine the physiochemical characteristics of Mistle leaf.
- To extract and partition the active principle of Mistle toe and ascertain their antimicrobial activity.
CHAPTER TWO
MATERIALS AND METHODS
REAGENTS
- Conc H2SO4
- 1% HCl
- Olive oil
- Meyer’s reagent
- Felling solution
- Ferric chloride
- 5% NaOH
- 20%KOH
- Wigner reagent
- 5 NaOH
- 2ml H2SO4
CHEMICALS USED
- Ethyl acetate
- Ethanol
- Distilled water
- N-Hexane
- Ammonium hydroxide
- Chloroform
- Sulphuric acid
APPARATUS USED
- Round bottom flask
- Mortar
- Mettler weighing balance
- Measuring cylinder
- Beaker
- Filter paper
- Retort stand
- Water bath
- Indicator paper
- Hot plate.
- Separating funnel
- Coated plate
- Burette
- Volumetric flask
- Funnel
- Heating mantle.
PHYTOCHEMICAL METHOD
First of all, prepare the sample, then proceed in the analysis of the phytochemical compounds in the plant.
PREPARATION OF THE SAMPLE
- Dry the plant material for some time in a good air drift
- Then extract by using any solvent
- After which, the extract is concentrated and tasted.
This method of extraction is known as solvent extraction method [15] the procedure is based on distribution of the samples, usually solute among immiscible solvents, usually organic solvents and waster are allowed for some time to extract.
This can be done either cold or hot. Hot method is based on heating the plant ,material in the solvent for 30 minutes.
ETHANOLIC EXTRACT
This method is based on soaking a known weight of sample in a flask containing a known volume of ethanol. This is done cold. The extract is filtered, concentrated and tasted.
N-HEXANE EXTRACT
This is a method of soaking a known weight of the sample in a flask containing n-hexane. This is done in cold method, the extract is filtered, concentrated and tasted.
CHAPTER THREE
RESULTS
MIC = minimal inhibition concentration
MBC = Minimal bacterial concentration
NIL = No inhibition up to 250 (mg/ml) used.
CHAPTER FOUR
DISCUSSION
The phytochemical analysis carried out on Mistletoe showed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, saponin and phenol, but contain tannin. The taste of the juice from the leaf of the plant was astringent the phytochemical composition showed appreciable quantity of tannin, which could be isolated in pure form. The anti-microbial action ascribes to the plant was to its flavonoid and tannin content. Moreover, the higher tannin content of the plant suggested that it had anti-inflamatory, antifungi and anti-bacterial activities. Tannin have the highest yield.
CONCLUSION
The analytical results of the preliminary investigations into pharmacologicaly active constituents of in this medical plant suggested that the alkaloid extract of the leaf of mistletoe. From the result in the previous chapter, it is seen that Mistletoe is capable of treating diseases such as cancer, internal bleeding and stimulate the immune system. It has finally confirmed the medical capability of the plant which is the air of this work.
RECOMMENDATION
The use of this plant viscum album(Mistletoe) as well as its used in treatment of internal bleeding, convulsion, cancer, asthma, dizziness, loss of menstrual have been recommended provided the appropriate solvent, recommendation by local trado-medical scientist are used.
Much work still needs to be done on this plant, one of which is to determine exhaustively and conclusively, the active ingredient present using more analytical instrument were not readily available within the period of this research work.
Finally, anti-microbial examination using test Micro-organisms should be carried out on this plant conclusively ascertain its anti-microbial property.
REFERENCES
- Bocci, B, 1993 Mistle (Viscum album) lectin as cytokrie inducers and immune-adjuvant in tumour herapy. A review, Biol. Regulatory Homoeostatic agent, 7: 1-6.
- Duke J. A. 1985, Mistle in handbook of medicinal herbs (RC press. Florida pp 512 – 513.
- Duke 1985 and pamploma Roger 1999. MIstle toe hand book.
- Haas, K. M. Beuer and wollenweber, 2003 cuticular waxes and flavonol aglcycones of Mistle Z. nature forch, 58C: 464-470.
- Wollenweber, E. A Wieland and K Hass, 2002. Epiculticular waxes and flavonol waxes and flaronot. Aglycones of the European Mistle.
- Pomploma Roger, G.H (1999) Medicinal plants: Encyclopedia of medicinal plants safeliz publication spain, pp 5 – 247
- Gills L. S. 1992 viscum albidum L. Ethromedical uses of plants In Nigeria. University of Benin press, Benin pp 244-245.