Study of the Use of Computer in Management Information System
CHAPTER ONE
Objectives of the Study
The purpose of this research is to investigate and examine the following specific objectives of this research:
(i) To examine if management information system application exist to adequately supports corporate goals and objectives
(ii) To examine how can a manger evaluate an information system
(iii) To find out how management information system policies, process, aid and internal control are adequate
(iv) To determine if a manager understand a business system so that it can be improved to meet the competitive challenges that have to be faced
(v) To find out who are the real gainers and losers when an information system is installed.
Chapter Two
Review of related literature
Management Information System
The term Management Information System (MIS) is a combination of three words: management, information and system. Management is the act of organizing and coordinating resources to achieve an organization’s goals. Information is a processed data while system is a group of interrelated components working together to achieve a common purpose by processing accepted input to produce an output (Al-Najjar in Al-Mamary, Shamsuddin and Aziati, 2014; Hardcastle, 2008; O’Brien & Marakas, 2011). Management information system (MIS) could then be described as a group of interrelated human and material resources that work together in an organisation to coordinate the collection and processing of data to produce information needed to aid decision making for the purpose of achieving the goals of such an organization. In line with this, Bendoly (2008) describe MIS as an integrated system comprising the working together of human and machine to provide information to aid decision making process in an organization. Management information system is referred to as information system by Laudon and Laudon (2012) and defined as collection of interrelated components involved in collecting processing, storing, and distributing information for enhancing coordination, control, problem analysis; decision making and creation of new products in an organization. These interrelated components according to O’Brien and Marakas include human, software, hardware, communications networks, data resources, policies and procedures that work together in the achievement of the goals of the organization.
The concept of the information system
All systems can be divided into subsystems. Because the company behaves as a system, its different elements can be broken down into subsystems. According to the organisation theory literature, the company can be divided into the following systems: commercial, operations, financial, personnel, and information. The information system is related to all the other systems and the environment. The purpose of the company’s information system is to gather the information it needs and, following necessary transformations, ensure that it reaches the members of the company who require it, whether for decision making, strategic control, or for implementing decisions adopted by the company (Menguzzato and Renau, 1991). A manager’s performance therefore depends on his or her skills in exploiting the information system’s capacities in order to obtain positive business outcomes. For the purposes of this chapter we adopt the definition of an information system given by Andreu, Ricart and Valor (1991). According to these authors the information system is a formal set of processes that, working from a collection of data structured depending to the company’s needs, gathers, processes and distributes the information necessary for the company’s operations and for its corresponding management and control activities, thereby supporting, at least in part, the decision-making processes necessary for the company to perform its business functions in line with its strategy. This definition, therefore, only includes the formal information system, which is the part of the information system that all the company’s members are familiar with and know how to use. This does not mean that informal information systems are not important, but simply recognises the limitation that they are, by their very nature, more difficult to study, plan and manage, at least from a cohesive and holistic point of view. Informal information systems are not the result of a designed process; rather they provide chance information. We must not, however, ignore the existence of informal information channels, and the speed and efficiency with which they can operate, on occasions spreading rumours through the organisation more quickly than information that follows the standard channels. The above definition refers to the functions and strategies of the company; by this, we aim to transmit the idea that a company’s information system must serve its business approach. In the end, the information system is only one of the many elements that the company designs and uses to achieve its objectives, and as such, it must be explicitly coordinated in line with these objectives.
To complete this definition of an information system, we now attempt to clear up any confusion between information system and computer system. The computer system consists of a complex interconnection of numerous hardware and software components, which are essentially determinist, formal systems in that specific input always gives the same output. Information systems are social systems whose behaviour is largely influenced by the objectives, values and beliefs of individuals and groups and by the performance of technology. The way an information system behaves is not determinist and does not follow the representation of any formal algorithmic model.
Information system components
Information systems comprise hardware and software, telecommunications, databases, human resources and procedures (García Bravo, 2000).
Hardware
Nowadays all companies use computers, usually personal computers (pcs). Large organisations employ diverse computer systems including mainframes, minicomputers and most commonly, pcs. However, recent advances in the technical specifications of pcs now means that they perform many of the tasks initially done by minicomputers, and the difference between these two categories is becoming increasingly blurred. The three computer types have a similar arrangement. The component controlling all the system’s units is the central processor, which carries out the instructions given by a program. Other devices are used to introduce data (keyboard and mouse) and produce the system’s output (printers).
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
According to Udoyen (2019), a study population is a group of elements or individuals as the case may be, who share similar characteristics. These similar features can include location, gender, age, sex or specific interest. The emphasis on study population is that it constitutes of individuals or elements that are homogeneous in description.
This study was carried to examine the Study of the use of computer in management information system. First Bank of Nigeria Ltd, form the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which only seventy-seven (77) were returned and validated. This was due to irregular, incomplete and inappropriate responses to some questionnaire. For this study a total of 77 was validated for the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain Study of the use of computer in management information system. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of Study of the use of computer in management information system
Summary
This study was on Study of the use of computer in management information system. Three objectives were raised which included: To examine if management information system application exist to adequately supports corporate goals and objectives, to examine how can a manger evaluate an information system, to find out how management information system policies, process, aid and internal control are adequate, to determine if a manager understand a business system so that it can be improved to meet the competitive challenges that have to be faced and to find out who are the real gainers and losers when an information system is installed. A total of 77 responses were received and validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents were drawn from First Bank of Nigeria Ltd. Hypothesis was tested using Chi-Square statistical tool (SPSS).
Conclusion
In an era that its main feature is rapid change and complex, Information is crucial in solving organizational problems and non enterprise, Management Information Systems remain as consultants interacted with the users and administrators are not inevitable. This systems cause to analysis, processing information accurate and as fast as possible (Levitt and Kunz, 2003). It can also formulate certain problems quickly. They are adopted to have identified possible solutions and evaluate their results for optimal decisions in different situations (Levitt and kunz,2003). A Management Information Systems supports various levels of management (individual and group), from top managers to lower managers and also supports all decision process level and various styles of deciding. With the development and application of top managers information systems and determine the benefits and capabilities of these systems are given to managers, the success or failure of the implementation and deployment of these systems is more specific, decision support all stages of the decision-making process with different styles. Also, due to the high costs of using these systems for enterprises and institutions, In order to increasing the success rate of these systems and prevent losses, It is important that before any move to implement and maintain these systems know about the costs, In order to increasing the success rate of these systems and prevent losses .
Recommendation
Work on updating and developing the IT infrastructure continuously, and in alignment with the business nature, and also the internal computerize linkage between business units, in order to achieve the speed in providing information and the integration in achieving services.
Establish a cooperation atmosphere between information systems users and information system managers at First Bank of Nigeria Ltd, so employees can understand the administrative needs from information to all users of information systems, through gathering and periodic meetings aiming to provide users with all new technical aspects and talk to them about the administrative matters.
The high level managements at First Bank of Nigeria Ltd must provide support for employees through encouraging them to use the system, and explore the point vies bout the problems they face whenever they use the system, in order to solve it.
Set up the appropriate training courses and seminars and perform workshops and programs for the various management levels, about the effective ways of dealing with information technology and automate their businesses to increase the speed and accuracy in completing tasks and duties.
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