Animal Science Project Topics

The Effect of Different Enzyme Substrates on the Performance of Broilers Fed Peeled Cassava Root Meal (Pcrm) Based Diet

The Effect of Different Enzyme Substrates on the Performance of Broilers Fed Peeled Cassava Root Meal (Pcrm) Based Diet.

The Effect of Different Enzyme Substrates on the Performance of Broilers Fed Peeled Cassava Root Meal (Pcrm) Based Diet

Chapter One

Study Objectives

The objectives of the study are as follows:

  1. To evaluate the performance of broilers fed different enzyme substrates in peeled cassava root meal based
  2. To investigate the carcass quality of broilers fed different enzyme substrates in peeled cassava root meal based diets
  3. To investigate the nutrient retention of broilers fed different enzyme substrates in peeled cassava root meal based

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

Utilization of cassava in Poultry feeding

Since the early 1930s cassava has been known and used as a livestock feed substitute instead of grains for poultry rations. The first large- scale commercial users and adopters of cassava as a livestock feed resource were livestock farmers of the European Economic  Community  (EEC).  Cassava as a substitute resource in livestock feeds became fashionable first because of its relative cheapness compared with grains (especially corn) and later because of the increased demand of corn for human and other industrial uses such as in textiles, breweries and bakeries.

Several nutritional and feeding experiments on the potentials of cassava as a substitute for grain have been carried out since the time Tabayoyong (1935) first incorporated 30% and 60% levels of cassava starch extract into chicken diets. Major findings of studies by McMillan and Dudley (1941), Klein and Barlowen (1954). Vogt and Penner (1963), Vogt and Stute (1964), Vogt (1966), Barrios and Bressani (1967), Enriquez and Ross (1967), Olson et al. (1968),  Gadelha et al. (1969),  Rendon et al.  (1969),  Montilla  et al. (1969), Olson et al. 1969, Montilla (1970), Maust et al. (1972), Chou and Müller (1972), Armas  and Chicco (1973), Müller et al.  (1974), Hutagalung et  al. (1974), Phuah and Hutagalung (1974), Montilla et al. (1975), Adegbola (1977), Obiora (1978), Squibb and Wyld (1951), and Adesida (1979) may be summarized as follows:

  1. Cassava can be substituted as a feed ingredient for corn and/or other grains without negatively affecting poultry feed
  2. The nutritive content and value of cassava meal in livestock feed depends on the cassava variety used, the age of the cassava  tuber, and the processing technology used in producing the cassava
  3. Low-HCN cassava varieties (sweet) are preferred by chickens to high- HCN cassava varieties (bitter).
  4. Levels of substitution of cassava for grain higher than 20% produce deleterious effects on the health of chickens and cause reduction in weight gain and feed conversion efficiency, especially after the fourth week.
  5. Excessively fine (powdery) nature of cassava flour influences the feed intake negatively and diminishes consumption of cassava

 

CHAPTER THREE

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Location

The experiment was carried out at the Poultry Unit of the Department  of  Animal Science Research and Teaching Farm, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.

Materials

Peeled cassava root meal (PCRM), maize, exogenous enzymes, other feed ingredients and additves used for the study were obtained from different locations within and outside Nsukka Local Government Area, Enugu State.

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Average Daily Feed intake (ADFI) of Broilers fed  Different  Levels of PCRM Diets with Different Enzyme

The impact of different levels of PCRM and different enzyme substrates on the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of broilers are shown in Table 3. At  both the starter and finisher stages (15-36d and 37-58d) and on cumulative basis (15-58d), there were significant (P < 0.05) PCRM level main effects. At  the starter stage, chicks on diets containing 50% PCRM had higher (P < 0.05) ADFI than chicks on 0% PCRM and 75% PCRM diets. Chicks on diets containing 0% PCRM had the lowest (P > 0.05) ADFI. At the finisher stage, birds on diets containing 0% PCRM had higher (P < 0.05) ADFI than birds on 50% PCRM and 75% PCRM-based diets. However, birds on 75% PCRM had the lowest (P > 0.05) ADFI value. On cumulative basis, birds on 50% PCRM diets had the highest (P < 0.05) ADFI while bird on 75% PCRM had the lowest (P > 0.05) ADFI value.

At both starter and finisher stages (15-36d and 37-58d) and on cumulative basis, there were significant (P < 0.05) enzyme type  main effects.  At the starter stage, chicks on diets containing Roxazyme G  had  the highest  (P < 0.05) ADFI while chicks on diets without  enzyme  supplementation  had the lowest (P > 0.05) ADFI value. At the finisher stage  and  on cumulative basis, bird on diets supplemented with Roxazyme G had the  highest  (P  < 0.05) ADFI while bird on diet without enzyme supplementation had the lowest  (P > 0.05) ADFI.

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

 Summary

The experiment studied the effect of two enzyme substrates (Nutrase xyla and Roxazyme G) on the performance of broiler  chicks  (from  2-10  weeks) fed peeled cassava root meal (PCRM)l at the inclusion levels of 0, 50 and 75%. During the Starter and Finisher phases, weekly measurenent were kept on feed intake(g) and weight(g) from which average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily weight gain (ADWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed cost per Kg weight gain (FC/kgWG) were computed to determined which level of peeled cassava root meal with or without enzyme substrates gave the best economic advantage. Nutrient retention trial was undertaken at the 8th week. The proximate analysis of experimental diets and droppings  were  carried out. Also, the gross energy value of the experimental diets as well as  the excreta were assayed. The protein, ether extract,  dry matter coefficients and metabolizable energy were calculated to determined the percentage nutrient retention. Carcass and edible organs evaluation were carried out. Dressed weight was calculated. Also, heart, liver and gizzard as  percentage    of dressed weight were computed. Nutrase xyla and Roxazyme G supplementation increased ADFI  in the starter and finisher phase at all levels  of PCRM inclusion (P<0.05). The effect of Nutrase xyla and Roxazyme G supplementation on FCR was positvely significant in the finisher phase (P<0.05). Roxazyme G supplementation diet at 50%  PCRM  had  the  best least cost value in terms of feed cost per kg weight gain. There was  an increase in dressed weight percentage of birds fed Nutrase xyla and Roxazyme G  supplemented  diets  at  50%  PCRM  (P<0.05).  Nutrase  xyla and Roxazyme G supplemented diets had no significant effect (P>0.05) on protein retention but had significant effect (P<0.05) on ether  extract,  dry  matter and metabolizable energy retention. Nutrase xyla and Roxazyme G supplemented diets had no significant effect  (P<0.05)  on  edible  organs (heart, liver and gizzard).

REFERENCES

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