Comparative Morphologic and Histological Studies on Guinea Pig and Wistar Rats Liver
CHAPTER ONE
THE AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
THE AIM OF THE STUDY
The aim was to study the comparative anatomy of the liver of Wistar rat and Guinea pig.
THE OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
- To comparatively study the morphology and morphometric parameters of the liver, in male guinea pigs and wistar
- To comparatively study the histology of the liver, in male guinea pigs and wistar
CHAPTER TWO
LITREATURE REVIEW
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY
Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different organisms. It is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny (the evolution of specie). Comparative anatomy has long served as evidence for evolution; it indicates that various organisms share a common ancestor. Also, it assists scientists in classifying organisms based on similar characteristics of their anatomical structures. Comparative anatomy supports Darwins theory of descent with modification, also known as evolution. A common example of comparative anatomy is the similar bone structures in forelimbs of cats, whales, bats, and humans. All of these appendages consist of the same basic parts; yet, they serve completely different functions. The skeletal parts which form a structure used for swimming, such as a fin, would not be ideal to form a wing, which is better-suited for flight. One explanation for the forelimbs‘ similar composition is descent with modification. Through random mutations and natural selection anatomical structures gradually became better-adapted to the every organism‘s respective habitat (Campbell et al., 2002).
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
MATERIALS
STUDY ANIMALS
A total number of 5 adult male Wistar rats were obtained from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, while 5 adult male Guinea pigs were obtained from Samaru market. They were transported using animal cages to the Department of Human Anatomy Laboratory, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria. The animals were kept for acclimatization for a period of one week before the commencement of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION OF RESULTS
PHYSICAL OBSERVATION
Physical observation of the experimental animals showed differences in the weight, size (length) and physical appearance. The Wistar rat was smaller, in size and weight than the Guinea pig
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION
PHYSICAL OBSERVATION
Physical observation of the physical appearance of the experimental animals revealed differences in length and size. The wistar rat was smaller in size and length than the Guinea pig. The weights of the organs harvested from the experimental animals were also found to be related to the sizes of animals, which was expected.
Comparatively the weight, length, and width of the liver studied were relative to the absolute body weight of the experimental animals. This observation may be related to the varying sizes and weights of the experimental animals as reported by David and Hiadic (2001) and Ozegbe et al., (2000).
CHAPTER SIX
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
SUMMARY
A thorough comparative study was carried out on the guinea pig and wistar rat where the morphologic, morphometric parameters and histology of the liver was conducted, the data obtained were recorded and analyzed. The data was also discussed and the findings and recommendations were highlighted.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results obtained from the morphometric, morphologic and histologic studies conducted on the Guinea pig and wistar rat Liver, comparatively the liver of these animals are phylogenetically related. The organs are similar from a physical observation and histologically, the Liver of the experimental animal studied have similar histo- architecture as seen on the micrograph plates.
RECOMMENDATION
Further studies should be conducted using other rodent species and gender to check for sexual dimorphism
Comparative Histochemical and ultrastructural studies should be conducted on these and other organs of the rodent specie.
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