Construction of a GSM-Based Home Automation Using AVR
Chapter One
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop a device that can automatically regulate power surge in the home and allow its users to remotely control and monitor multiple home appliances using a cellular phone. This system is a powerful and flexible tool that will offer this service at any time, and from anywhere with the constraints of the technologies being applied. Possible target appliances include (but are not limited to) climate control system, security systems, lights; anything with an electrical interface.
The proposed approach for designing this system is to implement a microcontroller-based control module that receives its instructions and command from a cellular phone over the GSM network.
The project “GSM based home automation using AVR” as the title suggests is aimed to construct a control system that enables the complete control of the interface on which it is based.
General objectives of the project are defined as;
- To co-ordinate appliances and other devices through phone
- To effectively receive and transmit data via phonecall
- To eliminate the need of being physically present in any location fortasks involving the operation of appliances within a household/office.
- Minimize power and time wastage
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
The first machines to be operated by remote control were used mainly for military purposes. Radio-controlled motorboats, developed by the German navy, were used to ram enemy ships in World War I. Radio controlled bombs and other remote control weapons were used in World War II. Once the wars were over, United States scientists experimented to find non-military uses for the remote control. In the late 1940’s automatic garage door openers were invented, and in the 1950’s the first TV remote controls were used. Zenith began playing around with the idea of a TV Remote control in the early 1950’s. They developed one in 1952 called “Lazy Bones,” which was a long cable that was attached to the TV Set. Pushing buttons on the remote activated a motor that would rotate the tuner in the set. This type of remote wasn’t popular for long considering that, at the time, there were very few channels to choose from.
In 1955, the Flashomatic was invented. A flashlight was shined toward light sensitive cells in each of the four corners of the TV. Each corner had different function. They turned the TV on and off, changed the channel, and controlled the volume. However, people often forgot which corner of the TV operated which control. Also, if the set was in sunlight, the sun’s rays would affect the operations of the TV. In 1957 a group of engineers developed the Zenith “Space Command,” a wireless remote control using ultrasonic waves. The problem with the ultrasonic control was that clinking metal, such as dog tags, could affect the TV set. High frequencies sometimes also made dog bark. The ultrasonic remote was used for two decades until engineers discovered a better way to operate TV’s, the infrared remote control. On the infrared control, each button has it’s own command, and is sent to the TV set in a series of signals. There is a digital code for each button, and in the TV there is a tiny sensor called a photo detector that identifies the infrared beam, and translates the code into a command. Manufacturers used to only make remote controls that operated one TV set. However, they’ve recently begun making universal remote controls that can operate any TV set. Expert predicts that someday remote controls will control almost every device in the home. R.C. Goertz developed a mechanical manipulator in 1948 to aid in radioactive lab work. Goertz gave the machine mechanically and geometrically similar “master” and “slave” parts. The master was the part of the machine the Goertz controlled, and used to send the slave commands. The slave followed the master’s movements exactly. In 1954 an electric machine was made to replace Goertz’s machine, which was operated by cables. Since’54 better design has been developed, but the electric manipulator remains relatively unchanged to this day.
REVIEW OF RELATED WORKS
Here, some research such as Home Automation system and it’s application, Tone recognition devices, Automatic Speech recognition, the technical detail of GSM will be looked into as they relate to remote control systems.
HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM
A common definition of Home Automation is of an “electronic networking technology to integrate devices and appliances so that the entire home can be monitored and controlled centrally as a single machine”(Pragnell et al., 2000). Another term that describe the same technology is “domotics”, which derives from the Latin word domus, meaning home, and informatics, meaning the study of the processes involved in the collection, categorization, and distribution of data. However, since this technology is still very much in flux, other terms are also used in the literature with equivalent meaning, such as: “smart home”, “smart house”, “digital home” or electronic home”.
CHAPTER THREE
SYSTEM DESIGN METHODOLOGY AND ANALYSIS
HARDWARE SUBSYSTEMS
The project was designed and implemented using top to bottom design method just as shown in the block diagram in figure 3.1. The system starts form the following units:-
- GSM module unit
- Peripheral interface control (P.I.C) unit
- Driver
- Power surge monitoring and control unit ,(AVR)
In the methodology, the over all system design is in two parts: hardware design and software design. The hardware design is the physical parts of the system while the software design treats the programs that were written to control the microcontroller at the processing center of the system. The hardware design is the heart of the project. This is the physical implementation where the various components used for the design were incorporated together on a vero board through soldering. It consists of many units which includes a GSM module, a PIC unit and other units listed above.
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
The system uses GSM signal system which allows its users to effectively control their house/office appliances simply by calling the device.
The call receive by the device is processed by a microcontroller to perform an OFF operations. The type of the operation performed is based on the nature of the GSM signal sent. An encoded GSM signal is generated and sent from the GSM base station to the device.
In this project two GSM module are involved:
- The GSM transmitter module which is the users cellphone
- The GSM receiver module which is the cell phone connected to the project.
There are lots of remote controls methodology like infrared, RF, SMS and more, but in this project I prefer the calling system using GSM network. SMS control
system uses the GSM network as well but the problem with it is that SMS sometimes does not arrive on time. In the design methodology, GSM network was used because of its wider coverage.
The relay driver is used to drive the relay circuits which switches the different appliances connected to the output of the project.
The figure shown above is the schematic diagram of our project. It is a simple illustration of how we have implemented our project and the various parts involved in it. From the above representation, the first Mobile station is used as a transmitting section from which the subscriber makes a call which is the command or instruction for the second mobile station. A SIM card is inserted in the receiver cell phone.
CHAPTER FOUR
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND PROJECT COSTING CONSTRUCTION AND COMPONENTS LIST
CONSTRUCTION
The term stage is associated to a group of components, which is aimed at achieving a specific purpose. This has been broken down in the previous chapter. Each of the stage will now be treated more elaborately.
CHAPTER FIVE
RECOMMENDATION, CONCLUSION AND CONSTRAINTS
CONCLUSION
The GSM based home automation using AVR was designed and constructed to CONTROL 230V+5% ac load. It is rated 2500VA 50Hz.
This project has really exposed me to the use of electronic component. To a large extent I have come to appreciate the theories learned over the years.
RECOMMENDATION
It is a fact that this is not exhaustive. It can still be improved to get a more sensitive and precise output voltage control.
For this reason I recommend the following.
- Two layers circuit board can be designed and used in place of single layer circuit board for easier soldiering work and
- Further research in the field of electronics switching will go a long way in getting better house control
- Engineering students need early exposure to the use of electronic components for practical work; this will enable them to be more innovative.
MAJOR CONSTRAINTS
Along the course of project completion we encountered various problems and obstacles. Not everything that we had planned went smoothly during the project development span. Also we had a limited amount of time for its completion so we were under a certain amount of pressure as well. We had to start from the research phase at the beginning and needed to gain knowledge on all the devices and components that we had intended to use for our project. Other phases of the project included coding, debugging, testing, documentation and implementation and it needed certain time for completion so we really had to manage the limited time available to us and work accordingly to finish the project within the schedule.
CONSTRAINTS CONSIDERATIONS
The following is a list of constraint considerations
- The controlled appliances will need an electrical control interface.This system is only capable of controlling electrical
- The control module will need to be shielded against electrostatic
This will increase the reliability of the system.
- Battery backup for controlling unit can be implemented in case ofpower disruption.
TECHNOLOGY CONSIDERATIONS
The considerations for this system will include a choice of networks, communication protocols and interfaces.
- Cellular Networks: The widely available networks are based on GSM.This network provides wide area coverage and can be utilized more cost- effectively for this
- Communication Protocols: The available communication protocol thatwe have used is phone call. The phone call is the most efficient because this project requires a cellular communication and limited data to be
- I/O interfaces between microcontroller and devices: Serial I/O is considered as options for connection between the GSM receiver and the microcontroller. Using the microcontroller, a control circuit will be implemented to control the electrical
REFERENCES
- Alkar, A. Z., & Buhur, U. (2005). An Internet Based Wireless Home Automation System for Multifunctional Devices. IEEE Consumer Electronics, 51(4), 1169-1174.Retrieved from http://www.thaieei.com
- Ciubotaru-Petrescu, B., Chiciudean, D., Cioarga, R., & Stanescu, D. (2006). Wireless Solutions for Telemetry in Civil Equipment and Infrastructure Monitoring. 3rd Romanian-Hungarian Joint Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence (SACI) May 25-26, 2006.
- Retrieved from http://www.bmf.hu
- Conte, G., & Scaradozzi, D. (2003). Viewing home automat ion systems as multiple agents systems. RoboCUP2003,
- Delgado, A. R., Picking, R., & Grout, V. (2006) Remote-controlled home automation systems with different network technologies. Proceedings of the 6th International Network Conference (INC 2006), University of Plymouth, 11-14 July 2006, pp. 357-366. Retrieved from http://www.newi.ac.uk
- Harper, R. (2003), Inside the Smart Home, Springer-Verlag, London, UK.
- Heckman, D. (2008), A Small World. Smart Houses and the Dream of the Perfect day, Duke University Press, London, UK.
- Jawarkar, N. P., Ahmed, V., Ladhake, S. A. & Thakare, R. D. (2008). Micro-controller based Remote Monitoring using Mobile through Spoken Commands.
