Design and Construction of a Home Energy Management System
Chapter One
PURPOSE OF STUDY
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of this project is to design and implement a system that will achieve Home Energy Management by doing the following:
- Controlling of electrical home appliances like the light bulb, fans and highpowered equipment is on such as AC
- Controlling the intensity of light bulb i.e. by been able to different between nightand day, darkness and light
- Temperature differentiation to turn OFF or ON theAC
- Current consumption management
- Motion
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS HOME ENERGY MANAGEMENT?
“Energy management” is a term that has a number of meanings, but we’re mainly concerned with the one that relates to saving energy in businesses, public-sector/government organizations, and homes which today is term Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS). When it comes to energy saving, energy management is the process of monitoring, controlling, and conserving energy in a building or organization. Typically this involves the following steps: [1]
- Metering your energy consumption and collecting the
- Finding opportunities to save energy, and estimating how much energy each opportunity could
- Taking action to target the opportunities to save energy (i.e. tackling the routine wasteand replacing or upgrading the inefficient equipment).
- Tracking your progress by analysing your meter data to see how well your energy-saving efforts have
A smart home may be defined as a well-designed structure with sufficient access to assets, communication, controls, data, and information technologies for enhancing the occupants’ quality of life through comfort, convenience, reduced costs, and increased connectivity [2]
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
Energy management is the key to saving energy in organizations and buildings. Much of the importance of energy saving stems from the global need to save energy – this global need affects energy prices, emissions targets, and legislation, all of which lead to several compelling reasons why you should save energy at your organization specifically.
If it wasn’t for the global need to save energy, the term “energy management” might never have even been coined… Globally we need to save energy in order to: [3]
- Reduce the damage that we’re doing to our planet, Earth. As a human race we would probably find things rather difficult without the Earth, so it makes good sense to try to make it
- Reduce our dependence on the fossil fuels that are becoming increasingly limited in supply. Controlling and reducing energy consumption is important because it enables you to:
- Reduce costs – this is becoming increasingly important as energy costs
- Reduce carbon emissions and the environmental damage that they cause – as wellas the cost-related implications of carbon taxes and the like, your organization may be keen to reduce its carbon footprint to promote a green, sustainable image. Not least because promoting such an image is often good for the bottom
- Reduce risk – the more energy you consume, the greater the risk that energy price increases or supply shortages could seriously affect your profitability, or even makeit impossible for your business/organization to continue. With energy management you can reduce this risk by reducing your demand for energy and by controlling it so as to make it more predictable. [4]
CHAPTER THREE
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE
METHODOLOGY
The method used in the execution of this project comprises the combination of serial communication protocols, signal processing, programming logics with embedded system. In other to establish the aim of the project these methods were combined from the design stage to the construction and performance results of the system. Using carefully selected materials and software implementation to drive the complete system as seen in the final construction. This chapter entails the design procedure of the system detailing the theoretical analysis, choice of components and values and construction and packaging materials. Indicating calculations, schematics and drawings
SYSTEM DECRIPTION
The system starts with four sensory interfaces. A temperature transducer, a light transducer, a motion sensor and a real-time clock. There are two outlets meant to be controlled, one meant for a bulb and the other an AC. During the day, the processor reads light intensity from the light transducer and uses this to adjust the light level i.e. brightness of the bulb. More day light means a lower bulb brightness and lower daylight means a brighter bulb. The temperature of the surrounding is also monitored and when it drops below a threshold, the AC is turned OFF otherwise ON. The threshold is a variable that the user can supply to the system through the keypad and LCD.
When it is a precise time at night as read from the real time clock (RTC), the bulb is automatically shut OFF. And in the morning, turned ON to an intensity depending on the daylight. The turn ON and off times are variable that the user will supply through the keypad and LCD. If no one is home as read from the motion sensors, and the AC is turned ON, the system shuts it OFF. Also the current consumption of the AC unit is monitored through the current sensor and if above a limit, is turned OFF, thereby conserving energy.
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The system starts with four sensory interface as seen from the design and presented in the templates in the following section. A temperature transducer, a light transducer, a motion sensor and a real-time clock.
There are two outlets, one meant for a bulb and the other an AC
During the day, the processor reads light intensity from the light transducer and uses this to adjust the light level i.e. the brightness of the bulb. More day light means a less bright bulb and lower daylight means a bright bulb.
The temperature of the surrounding is also monitored using the LM 35 and when it drops below a threshold, the AC is turned OFF otherwise ON.
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CONCLUSION
Smart homes rely on numerous enabling technologies in both the electricity grid and consumer electronics. Standardization and maturity of the technologies in each of these realms is required if smart homes are to be pervasive. On a conclusion note, this paper has revisited the need for domestic energy management for efficient consumption of electricity in smart grid. Consuming electrical energy efficiently results in reducing peak load, lowering electricity bills and minimizing the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). In this paper we presented a home energy management system. We proposed a heterogeneous hierarchical sensor network architecture to gather physical parameters and to monitor user behavior. Data collected by the sensors are used to create user profiles. Based on user profiles and real-time information provided by the system, we can predict user behavior and optimize the energy consumption controlling in an automatic way home appliances. This approach allows flexibility in room temperature control, and preventing room temperature rising above a certain acceptable range, and room lighting.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Energy savings and consumer satisfaction are two major design considerations for modern lighting systems. Global standards like ZigBee RF4CE for RF-based consumer electric remote controls are going to change our expectations for the home entertainment experience. A smart home control system can provide both significant cost savings in a home environment, as well as a great level of flexibility and control for the building administrators, and great comfort for the occupants. For future work, the implementation of a remote access system for control would be a welcomed development in Home Energy Management. The proposed approach is expected to benefit the real world implementation of an automated HEM system for Demand Response applications, and help reduce power system stress conditions while ensuring residential customers’ comfort preferences.
REFERENCES
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- Hagras et al. Creating an ambient-intelligence environment using embeddedagents. IEEE Intelligent Systems, pages 12– 20, 2004.
- Changsu, Suh. Yong Bae, Ko.”Design and Implementation of Intelligent Home Control Systems based on Active Sensor Networks” IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol.54, no.3, Aug.
- Tombros, N. Mouratidis, M. Draaijer, A. Foglar, and H. Hrasnica. Enabling applicability of energy saving applications on the appliances of the home environment. IEEE Network, to appear,2009.
- Smart Home Energy Management System using IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee, Dae ManHan is a Research professor in the School of Computer Science & Engineering, Green Home Energy Technology Research Professor, Kongju National University, Republic of
- Smart Lighting System using Raspberry PI, Ankit Maslekar, Aparna K, Mamatha K, Shivakumara T. Department of Master of Computer Applications, BMS Institute of Technology & Management, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 4, Issue 7, July2015