Design and Simulation of a Wind-Solar Hybrid Energy System for Mobile Telecommunication Sites
Chapter One
Objectives of the Study
The overall aim of this study is to design and simulate a wind-solar hybrid energy system for reliable and cost-effective power supply to mobile telecommunication sites in developing cities. The objectives of this study are to:
- design a wind-solar hybrid energy system for mobile telecommunication sites in developing cites;
- simulate and determine the optimum capacity of the wind-solar hybrid energy system for reliable and cost-effective power supply;
- determine the viability of the proposed wind-solar hybrid energy system.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Renewable Energy Sources (RES)
Renewable energy comes from the sun and can be used directly as is the case with solar heating systems or indirectly as with hydroelectric power, wind power, and power from biomass fuels. RES includes solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectric power, geothermal energy, bio-energy, ocean energy, etc. There are other alternatives to sources of energy that are not renewable in nature. Although these are “alternative energy” rather than “renewable energy”, these use the existing energy more efficiently than older technologies. The use of renewable and alternative energy sources can save funds, conserve energy, save the environment, and reduce over-dependence on energy supplies outside the country borders (Zobaa and Bansal, 2011)
Photovoltaic Energy System
In 1839, a French physicist Edmund Becquerel proposed that few materials have the
Later photoelectric effect became the basic principle for the technology of photovoltaic power generation. The first PV module was manufactured by Bell laboratories in 1954.
Photovoltaic Arrangement
A photovoltaic energy system is mainly powered by solar energy. The configuration of PV system is configured in Figure 2.1.
It contains PV modules or arrays, which convertsolarenergyin theform of solar maximum power from the PV modules. A bi – directional converter which is able to supply the current in both the directions is used to charge the battery when there is a surplus powerand the energy stored by the battery is discharged into the load when there is a power deficit.
PV Cell
Photovoltaic cell is the building block of the PV system and semiconductor material such as silicon and germanium are the building block of PV cell. Silicon is used for photovoltaic cell due to 200 photovoltacic by creating positive and negative terminals. When these terminals are connected by a conductor an electric current will start flowing. This electricity is used to power a load.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODS
Study location and meteorology
The location of this study covers the area of Agbo- Bollboji in Delta state, Nigeria with geographical coordinates and map shown in Table 3.1 and Figure 3.1 respectively. The city has a tropical climate. The summers are much rainier than the winters. The average annual temperature is 26.2oC. the average annual rainfall is 1914mm.
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results
The simulation results of the possible configurations of the designed hybrid energy system is shown in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1: Simulation results of the possible configurations of the designed hybrid energysystem based on the net present cost
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
Conclusion
This study describes the design and simulation of a hybrid energy system for a reliable and cost effective operation of a mobile telecommunication site load under Nigerian climatic conditions. A hybrid system consisting of two primary energy sources (wind and solar), incorporating battery storage and power converter was considered.
Simulations were carried out for one-year period, by making energy balance calculations based on HOMER software using long-term meteorological data and the load profile of a pratical mobile telecommunication site load installated at Agbor, Delta State. Simulation results clearly showed that the optimized wind-solar-battery hybrid system, which consists of 14 kW PV arrays, 15 kW (3 × 5 kW) wind turbine generators, 5 kW power electronic converter and 110.98 kWh (16 × 1,156 Ah × 6 V) battery bank, gives the lowest cost of US$ 0.165 (N51.23) per kWh of energy consumed but with 3% annual capacity shortage compared to diesel-alone US$ 0.479 per kWh (N 148.73 per kWh), wind-diesel-battery (N 65.83 per kWh), solar-diesel-battery (N78.56 per kWh), and solar-wind-diesel-battery hybrid systems (N 51.85 per kWh).
Contributions to Knowledge
This study has contributed to knowledge in the following ways:
- This study could inform decision making on the use of renewable energy resources on a much larger scale than what it is presently.
- It could assist the government in developing policy guidelines for the provision of reliable and sustainable energy supply.
- It could speed up the implementation of policy guidelines, which would facilitate the enforcement of relevant environmental protection laws for attaining sustainable development in Nigeria.
REFERENCES
- Adegoke, A. S., Babalola, I. T. (2011). Quality of Service of GSM Telephone System in Nigeria, American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2(5): 707–712.
- Al-Abbadi N. M. and Rehman, S. (2009). Wind Speed and Wind Power Characteristics for Gassim, Saudi Arabia, International Journal of Green Energy, 6 (2): 201–217.
- Analysis and Performance Study of a Hybrid PVDiesel Wind System for a Village
- Bopp G. and Lippkau, A. “World-wide overview about design and simulation tools for Brest in France,” Green Energy, 2014 Int. Conf. IEEE, pp. 119–123, 2014.
- Dalwadi P. G.and Mehta C. R., “Feasibility Study of Solar-Wind Hybrid Power System,”
- Davidson, O. (2002). Sustainable Energy and Climate Change: AfricaPerspectives, in
- Developing Energy Solutions for Climate Change, O. Davidson and D. Sparks, Eds.,pp. 145–152, South African Research at Energy Development & Research Centre (EDRC), Cape Town, South Africa.
- Deb G., Paul R., and Das S., “Hybrid power generation system,” Int. J. Comput. Electr. Eng.,
- Faruk, N. Ayeni, A. A. Muhammad, M. Y. Abdulkarim, A. and Moses, O. “Hybrid power France Optimal Design of a PV / Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System for the City of
- Goel S. and Ali, S. M. “Cost Analysis of Solar / Wind / Diesel Hybrid Energy Systems for Gopal Nagar in Comilla,” vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 0–5, 2012.
- Hoque M. M., Bhuiyan I. K. A., Ahmed R., Farooque A. A., and Aditya S. K., “Design, hybrid PV systems,” in In 4th Conference on PV Hybrid Systems and Mini-Grids,