Effects of Soil Erosion in Emerging Urban Centre of Afuze
Chapter One
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objectives of this study is to access the adequacy and effects of soil erosion control measure in Afuze this objectives shall be achieved through the following
- To determine the type of soil erosion in the study area
- To identify the nature and characteristics of soil in the study area.
- To examine the factor responsible for soil erosion in the study area.
- To determine the effects of soil erosion in the study area.
- To identify the adequacy of the various measures that has been taken to control soil erosion
- To make recommendation.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION
This Chapter presents the review of related literature on the Effect of Soil Erosion in emerging urban area of Afuze Local Government Area of Edo State.
SOIL EROSION
According Adeniyi, (2008), soil erosion is the weathering away of topsoil caused by water, wind or tillage. Pesticides and other chemicals can get trapped in soil, polluting streams and rivers as the soil breaks apart. Soil erosion can also lead to mudslides and floods, negatively affecting the structural integrity of buildings and roadways. Over time, abusive farming and agricultural tilling processes can result in nutrient degradation — the decline in soil quality. This type of erosion depletes organic matter in soil, making it less suitable for planting and harvesting crops or for the natural production of vegetation.
Soil erosion refers to the wearing away of a field’s topsoil by the natural physical forces of water and wind. It can be a slow process. It is relatively unnoticed or can occur at an alarming rate, causing serious loss of topsoil (Adeniyi, 2000)
Soil compaction, low organic matter, loss of soil structure, poor internal drainage, salinisation and soil acidity problems are other serious soil degradation conditions that can accelerate the soil erosion process.
Soil erosion is an important social and economic problem and an essential factor in assessing ecosystem health and function. Soil erosion is one of the naturally occurring problems in soils.
It will affect all landforms. Soil erosion may also happen through forces associated with farming activities such as tillage. Topsoil, which is rich in organic matter, high fertility and soil life, is relocated elsewhere “on-site” where it builds up over time or is carried “off-site” where it fills in drainage channels. Soil erosion reduces cropland productivity (Adeniyi & Omojola, 2000)
Soil erosion contributes to the pollution of adjacent watercourses, wetlands and lakes.
Soil Erosion, whether it is by water, wind or tillage, involves three distinct actions – soil detachment, movement and deposition. Accelerated erosion is largely the consequence of human activity. The primary causes are tillage, grazing, and cutting of timber. The rate of erosion can be increased by activities other than those of humans. Fire that destroys vegetation and triggers erosion has the same effect (Adeniyi, 2008).
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
This chapter is concerned with the presentation of method used in this study to accomplish its purpose on the environmental and health effects of waste management. The following areas were taken into consideration, research design, area of the study, population of the study, sample size and sampling techniques, research instrument, validation of research instrument, reliability of research instrument, administration of the instrument and method of data analysis.
RESEARCH DESIGN
This study adopted survey research design. According to Ekott & Nseyen (2006), a survey research is one in which a group of people or items is studied by collecting and analyzing data from only a few people or items considered to be representative of the entire group. Thus, in this study, the researcher collected data from the respondents in Afuze, the local government head quarters of Owan East local government area.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
INTRODUCTION
This chapter dwells on the systematic analysis and arrangement of data collected. The data collected was through the use of questionnaire while the analysis was based on research questions and hypotheses stated earlier in chapter one of this study. Simple percentages and tables were used to analyze research questions and Pearson Correlation statistical tool was used for testing of hypotheses. All data were coded using SPSS statistical package.
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
Table 1: Administration of Questionnaire
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the summary, conclusion and recommendations based on the findings of this study.
SUMMARY
This study was carried to examine effect of soil erosion in emerging urban centre of afuze. To achieve this objective, four research questions and one research hypotheses were formulated to guide this study. A well-structured questionnaire was used as the main instrument to gather data from 150 respondents in Afuze Local Government Area of Edo State. Out of this number, 120 (80%) copies of questionnaire were appropriately completed and returned for data analysis.
The data collected from the respondents were analyzed using simple percentage and tables to analyze the research questions while chi-square tool was employed for testing the research hypotheses. All data were coded using SPSS statistical package. The findings revealed that:
The result from the investigation proved that the cost of controlling soil erosion in Afuze is effective and as such, can check soil erosion in the area.
CONCLUSION
Based on the findings of this study and subsequent recommendations, it is concluded that many farmers have already made significant progress in dealing with soil erosion problems on their farms. However, because of continued advances in soil management and crop production technology that have maintained or increased yields in spite of soil erosion, others have not been aware of the increasing problem on farmland. Awareness usually occurs only when property is damaged and productive areas of soil are lost.
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