Extraction and Characterization of Orange Seed and Paw-paw Seed Oil
CHAPTER ONE
Objective Of The Study
- To extract oil from the seed of Carica papaya and citrus cinensis.
- To determine the physical and chemical properties of the oil extracted from Carica papaya and citrus sinensis.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
The Medicinal Values of Carica papaya.
Carica papaya Has Various Therapeutic Potentials and they include
Colon cancer
The fibre of papaya is able to bind cancer away from the healthy colon cells. These nutrients provides synergistic protection for colon cells from the free radical damage to their DNA (Saluke, 2004).
Anti inflammatory effects
Protein enzymes including papain and chymo papain and antioxidant nutrients found in papaya, including vitamin E and Beta-Carotene, reduce the severity of the condition such as asthma. Osteoarthritis, and rheumoatoid arthritis (Lundbers 1993).
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Vitamin C-rich foods, such as papaya provide humans with protection against inflammatory polyarthrits, a form of rheumatoid arthritis involving two or more joints.
Promote lung health
if you are a smoker, or if you are frequently exposed to second hand smoke. Eating vitamin A rich foods, such as Carica papaya, helps your lungs and saves yours life (Odufe, 1998),
Prevention of prostrate center.
Men consuming lycopene rich fruits and vegetable such as papaya, tomatoes, apricots, pink grape fruit, water melon, and guava are 82% less likely to have prostrate center compared to those consuming the least lycopene-rich food.
Anticoagulant effect
Injection of papain extract in dog increase prothrombin and coagulation therefore is also of commercial importance in the brewery industry, in the food industry and in the textile industry.
Allergies And Side Effect Of Carica Papaya
Papaya is frequently used as a hair conditioner, but should be used in small amount or quantity. Papaya release a latex fund when not quite ripe, which can cease irritation and provide allergic reactions in some people. The latex concentration of unripe papaya, which may lead to a miscarriage. Papaya seed extract in large doses have a contraceptive effect on rats and monkeys, but in small does have no effect on rats and monkeys. But in small dose it has no effect on the unborn animals.
Excessive consumption of papaya can cause carotenemia, the yellowing of soles and palms, which is otherwise harmless, however, a very large dose would need to be consumed; papaya contains about 6% of he level of beta-carotene found in carrots (Desser, et al 2001).
Toxicity
Externally the papaya latex is an irritant to the skins and internally it causes severe gastritis some people are allergic to various parts of the fruits even the enzymes papain with its negative properties.
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIAL AND METHOD
Material
Apparatus 1 Equipment
- Heating mantle
- Weighing balance
- Wheatman No 1 filter papers
- Conical flask
- Beaker
- Measuring cylinder
- Distillation apparatus
Reagents
- Potassium Hydroxide
- Phenolphthalein
- Sodium hydroxide
- Ethanol
- 0.01N sodium thiosulphate
- 10% Potassium iodide
- Starch solution.
- N – hexane
- Distilled water
Collection Of Sample
The orange seeds and paw paw seeds were collected from Abakpa Nike Enugu. The seeds were sun dried and grounded into fine powder using a milling machine. The grinded samples was stored in an air right container until is ready for use.
Method
400g of ground pawpaw seed was soaked with n-hexane for 24horus in an air tight container. The container was agitated periodically, the solution was filtered with sieve cloth and distilled to separate the n-hexane from the oil. The same procedure is repeated for orange seed. The product was centrifuged and decanted to get the clear oil.
Characterization of the Oil
Determination of specific gravity of the oil
Procedure
The specific gravity bottle was washed and dried in an oven and its weight was determined and recorded as (w1), the bottle was field with oil and its weight end recorded as (w2) the oil was removed from the bottle and the bottle was washed and dried in an oven after drying the bottle was filled with water and weighed in a weighing balance the weight was recorded (W3).
Specific gravity = wt of empty bottle oil –weight of S. G bottle
Weight of water + bottler – weight of S.G bottle
S.G = W2 – W1
W3 – W1
Determination of free fatty acid value of the oil Principles
The oil Principle Free fatty acid value is a relative measure of rancidity since free fatty acid are usually formed during decomposition of glycosides in the oil. The FFA value the number of milligram of KOH required to naturalize the acidity of 1g of fat or oil.
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
RESULT
Discussion
The result of the extraction showed that the amount of oil extracted from the seed of plants attributed to the strength of the extracting solvent the result also revealed that oil is present in Carica papaya seed and orange seeds. The paw paw seed oil 23% and the orange seed oil yield is 17%.
The orange seed oil has high saponification value of 194.25 and will be good is soap production.
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
The use of solvent in the extraction of oil from C. papaya seeds and orange seeds is a good methods because it ensure complete extraction of oil from the plant material.
Recommendation
I recommend that more research work should be done on the use of seed oil of paw paw and orange so as to elucidate the economic potential of those seeds. Especially their therapeutic potentials.
REFERENCES
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- Akpan, U.G; A Jimoh and A.D Mohammed (1999) “Extraction characterization and modification of castor seed oil” Ceonado J Sci, 4: 1-8
- Akubugwo I. E and A.E Ugbgu (2007) physiochemical studies on oils from five selected Nigerian plant seeds pak. J. Nuatic, 6: 75-78
- Anonymous (1995) palm oil research institude of malaysia. Ministry of primary industries, Bangi, Malaysia, pp: 3-78
- Balley, A. E (1982) Industrial oil and part product 3r Edn, John Wiley interscience publishers USA; pp: 22-28.
- Codex Alimentainus commission (1993) Grassesse Et Willes Vegetables, Division 11 Version Abregee F 40/who codex Stan 1993, 20-1981; 23-1981
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