The Antibacterial Activity of Three Types of Medicated Soaps on Starhyrococcus Aureus Form Would Infections
CHAPTER ONE
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
- To isolate staphylococcus aureus from would infection
- To determine the artibacterial activity of three medicated soap on staphylococcus aureus isolated from wound infection.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Encyclopaedia Britannica (1964) state that soap itself has germicidal power against some microorganisms and many of the certain synthetic detergents are strongly germicidal. Long unsaturated fatthy acids such as oleic acid Hinlenric and hire either inform or free of soap have bacterial or bacteriostatic effect on many bacteria, especially on wound surface. According to lama. (1977) the sodium or potassium acid content of these soap in a concentration of about 1/500 killed and dissolved preumococci and that sodium ideate in a dilution as penumococci and favoured their lyris by normal or immune serum. Pollock (1977) also highlights that many other bacteria such as hacmolytic streptococci, meungococci genococci diphtheria bacilh bracelet perturis lactobacilli and Erysipelothric resemble preumococci in their sensitivity to soaps of unsaturated fatty acids.
The gram negative bacilli of coli- typhoid group are fairly susceptible to soaps of saturated fatty acids but are reentrant to soap of unsaturated fatty acids serice according to beli et al (1977) most organism die quickly if in cortact with medicated soap thereby alleviating the healing of the wounds though they differ in their susceptibility . for example the negative cells of Bacilles mesenteries die with 10 second when the soap used in washing the wound surface contain lauric myreitic stearic and palmitic acids.
Economous et al (1983) carried out bacteriological examination of medicated soap on wound infections when used in washing the surface dressing in this investigation fifty sample of soap available in the distribute of Aherm are for acrobic count of bacteria, total count of enterobacteriance for Enterococcun, staphy lococcus and psendomouas acerginora. Out of the sample 58% were sterice while the other 32% contain other organisms lower than 104 per gramme. forty four (88) were negative for gramme. the fungi isolated belong to the general alternaria and pencillium. Harrison and crushare (1`972) reported that bathing clearing and showering with effective substance containing artieptics such as chlorohexidine for several days decrease the post operative infection rate.
MEDICAL RELEVANCE OF ANTIMICROBIAL SOAP
Brandbery et al (1980) state that three a reduction in infection rate of grain wound in vascular surgery from 17.8 to 8.0 % when patients showed on three occasion pre-operatively with hexachlorophene. Bathing with hexachlorophene has been shown to reduce wound infection in several studies carried out. Hugo et al (1979) in a study of 23,649 operation obtained a reduction in infection rate from 2.6% to 1.3% when using hexachlorophene Altemer (1983) in large scale study at Birmingham observed that artusephic bathing did significantly reduce infection rate.
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIAL
MATERIALS (SEE APPENDIX)
METHODS
STERILIZATION
Already properly washed petri-dishes wire loop pipettes, test tube inoculating needle spatula, forceps, table knife were each wrapped separately with Kraft paper and sterilized in the autoclave at 1210c for one hour and stored at the temperature of 40c time of use.
PREPARATION OF CULTURE MEDIA
All the media for culturing wereaseptically prepared when needed according to the manufacturers instruction and autoclaved at 1210c for 15 minutes at 1516s psi. the remaing media in the flast were stored at 40c.
COLLECTION OF BACTERIAL ORGANISMS FROM WOUND INFECTION
Fifty (50) sample were taken with swabsticks from patients with wound infection attending Mary immaculate Hospital and maternity Onitsha taken immediately to the laboratory for analysis.
ISOLATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS TRUE US AND OTHER ORGANISMS FROM WOUND INFECTION USING STREAK PLATE TECHNIQUE.
The already prepared media (nutrient agar and maccoenkey agar) were each poured into plates and allowed to solidify. Each sivabstick was separately streaked over plates of nutrient and macconkey agar and then labeled properly. The plates were inverted and incubated at 370c for hours. After incubation, the grown colonics were observed and recorded
MICROBIAL COUNT GRAM STAIN AND MIROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
MICROBIAL COUNT
After incubation the number of colonies were counted
GRAM STAIN AND MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
After counting smears of the coloies were made on the slide and heat fixed. They were later flooded with crystal violet for 30 second and excess stain was drained off with lugols iodine w3hich was allowed to act on it for 30 seconds. The iodine was rained out with dirtilled water and the slide was flooded with acetome alcohol until the blue colour ceased to appear it was quickly washed with distilled water to aviod excesive discolopuration. The slides was dried between folds of blotting paper. It was then flooded with safframin \for one minute and later rinzed with distilled water. The slide was then gently diried between folds of blotting paper and examined under oil immersion objective. Representative colonies were separately subculture on nutrient agar for further identification of the grown colli
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT
Table are shows the predominantly isolated organism as staphylococcus aureus with 25 (50%) while other organisms are with (50%) the table also shows that the individuals at the age range of 9-13 with 8 (16%) while the age range of 14 –18 are with 4(8%) while followed by the age range 19-23 with 3(6%) next by the age range of 24 –28 with 2(4%) and other age range are with 1(2%) each.
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMEDATION
CONCLUSION
From the sensitivity testing it was found out that medicated soap were effective against staphylococcus aureus effecting wounds in human as comparable to control drugs (antibiotics). This is because medicated soaps have pherobic contents. If one subject himself or herself to cleansing or bathing with medicated soap during the time of having hurts or cuts on the skin there is the likehood of reducing microbial load of staphylococcus aureus which is a normal commercial of the skin. The reduction of staphylococcus aureus on the skin at this time will prevent or minimize its involvement is wound infection. However constant washing of the body with medicated soap will not be advisable for it will remove drastically the normal flora of the skin and this is it self will pose a problem.
Since medicated soap have been found to have inhibitors, it is then advised to be used in batting at the time one gets hurt or cuts on the skin. It is also recommended to wash surface of cuts immediately especially is children with medicated soap before medication is given. There is also need for further works to be carried out on other organisms like staphylococcus epidermis pseudomennas acruginosa Escherichia coli etc that are involved in wound infections.
REFERENCE
- Alyliffe, G.AJ, J.R Babbana A.H quoraish (1979) A test forhygenic and Disinfecting Journal of industrial and Applied Microbiology 24 (2) 89-92.
- Baird-packer A.C staplococcus epidermis strain S11 as skin flora, Journal of General Microbiology 38 363-364.
- Baker F.J, R.E salvation and D.Kilshaw (1985) Methods of sterilization in: introduction to medical laboratory technology. 6th ed butter worth and co. (publishers) Ltd cornwell 258-259.
- Bayliss M. (1966) The molecular weight of saturated fatty acids and the antibacterial activity of soaps, journal of Bacteriology 55 915-916
- Belin M and J Rippert (1977). Susceptibility of gram negative bacilli of the coli typhoid group to soap journal of general microbiology 124 612-614.
- Bodey, G.P.J Arnett and S. De salva (1979) comparative trial of bacteriostatic soap preparation hexachlorophene versus triclosan and triclocarban journal of industrial and applied microbiology 14(7): 111-113.
- Dorland S. .(1981) Medicated soap in: medical dictionary 26th edi W.B saudners company London.
- Economen – stamatelofelou, C.A chtitirolreou lada and J. Papa vasilo (1993) Bacterial Examination of soaps, journal of industrial and applied microbiology 18 (3) 367 –368.