Entrepreneurial Skills Required by Women Retirees for Processing of Garri as Sustainable Business in Enugu State
CHAPTER ONE
Objective of the study
The objectives of the study are;
- to ascertain the practices needed by women retirees in planning for processing of garri in Enugu state
- to ascertain the practices needed by women retirees in processing of garri in Enugu state
- to ascertain the practices needed by women retirees in marketing of processed garri for sustainable livelihood.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Entrepreneur
An entrepreneur is an individual whose function is to carry out new contributions called enterprises, innovations and creativity. The term entrepreneur is synonymous to independent business activity. Different scholars have defined entrepreneur in various ways. These scholars use different indices in defining the concept, owing to their different cultural, academic, environmental and social backgrounds. An Entrepreneur can be defined as an innovative individual who has developed an ongoing business activity where none existed before (Dumbiri, 2010). Similarly, Falkang and Alberti (2000) stated that entrepreneurs are people with entrepreneurial spirit that have knowledge and skills for entrepreneurship. Ogbu (2013) emphasized further that entrepreneurs are willing to take risks, stand to talk, identify opportunities to which others are blind. Entrepreneurs have the ability to see and evaluate business opportunities, gather the necessary resources to take advantage of them and initiate appropriate actions to ensure success. To Nwachukwu (2000), an entrepreneur is a risk taker, who braves uncertainty strikes out through devotion to duty and singleness of purpose. He/she somehow creates a business and industrial activity where none existed before.
Functionally, the entrepreneur will be assumed in this study to include any person who owns a business. To this end, anyone who owns a bookshop, restaurant, beauty salon, super market, fast food joint, nail manufacturing company, printing press, and so on is a sole trader or an entrepreneur. In the late 19th and 20th centuries, entrepreneurs were frequently not distinguished from managers, in the middle of the 20th century, the notion of an entrepreneur as innovator was established. According to Rae, (2012), the function of an entrepreneur is to reform or revolutionize the pattern of production by exploiting an invention or more generally, an untied technological possibility for producing a new commodity, producing an old one in a new way or opening a new industry. Indeed, innovation which is the act of introducing something new is one of the most difficult risks for the entrepreneur. It takes not only the ability to create and conceptualize but also to understand all the forces at work in the environment. Igbo (2006) mentioned some characteristics of an entrepreneur which include, self-confidence, drive, energy, risk taking, fair, honest, trustful, good planner, organizer, initiative and creativity. National Directorate of Employment NDE (1989) emphasized other characteristics typical of an entrepreneur’s success as attitude, knowledge and skills.
Entrepreneurs undertake some functions. Anyakoha (2015) states that the functions of entrepreneurs are those of undertaking new and untried business possibilities, producing new commodities or refurbishing the old ones, developing new ways of supply and also exploiting an invention of commodities to markets in need. The entrepreneurs create new enterprises where there are none and new ideas, skills, equipment, money and market into profitable combination (Gana, 2001). Resources that are put together help the entrepreneur to work harder and put things together for the benefit of the enterprise. The entrepreneur looks for new environments for identification of new opportunities. These represents needs and wants of potential consumers that are not met by existing entrepreneurs and be able to satisfy such needs. The needs and wants should be large enough to guarantee satisfactory profit level.
CHAPTER THREE
Research methodology
Research Design
The research design adopted in this research work is the survey research design which involves the usage of self-designed questionnaire in the collection of data. Under the survey research design, primary data of this study will be collected from women retirees from Nsukka, Enugu state in order to determine entrepreneurial skills required by women retirees for processing of garri as sustainable business. The design was chosen because it enables the researcher to collect data without manipulation of any variables of interest in the study. The design also provides opportunity for equal chance of participation in the study for respondents.
Population of Study
The population of study is the census of all items or a subject that possess the characteristics or that have the knowledge of the phenomenon that is being studied (Asiaka, 1991). It also means the aggregate people from which the sample is to be drawn.
Population is sometimes referred to as the universe. The population of this research study will be Seventy-five (75) selected women retirees from Nsukka, Enugu state in order to determine entrepreneurial skills required by women retirees for processing of garri as sustainable business.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter is about the analysis and presentation of data collected from the field through questionnaire. The analysis of the data with particular question immediately followed by the presentation of findings.
As mentioned in chapter three, 75 questionnaires were administered and 50 were retrieved and necessary analysis was carried out on them.
Data Presentation
This is the presentation of the quantitative data collected from the respondents through the questionnaire drawn-tabulation and percent (%) age will be used to analyze the data accordingly.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain entrepreneurial skills required by women retirees for processing of garri as sustainable business in Enugu state. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of entrepreneurial skills required by women retirees for processing of garri as sustainable business
Summary
This study was on entrepreneurial skills required by women retirees for processing of garri as sustainable business in Enugu state. Three objectives were raised which included: to ascertain the practices needed by women retirees in planning for processing of garri in Enugu state, to ascertain the practices needed by women retirees in processing of garri in Enugu state and to ascertain the practices needed by women retirees in marketing of processed garri for sustainable livelihood. The total population for the study is 75 women Nsuuka, Enugu state. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
Conclusion
Women retirees, just like other retirees in different parts of Nigeria, are exposed to economic quagmire and fear of sustainable livelihood. This situation is so alarming and horrible to the extent that some of them have packed out of this world untimely, hence requires an urgent attention to sustain the few remaining on earth for mean time. Considering Garri in Enugu State, it processing could be an economic and emotional refuge for the women retirees. Therefore, this study was carried out to tap this opportunities for the women retirees. The study found out that the women retirees needed practice items in planning for processing of garri, practice items processing of garri and practice items marketing of processed garri for sustainable livelihood in Enugu State, Nigeria.
Recommendation
The recommendations based on findings of this study are that:
- The skill acquisition centres in the states should package the identified practices into a training programme and be used to train the women retirees and others who may be interested in processing of garri.
- Teachers of Home Economics and Agricultural education in Colleges of Education should use the identified practices preparing their student in processing of garri for effective teaching in Junior Secondary Schools.
References
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