Intrapreneurial Competency in Pig Production for Enhancing Income of Teacher to Agricultural Science in Secondary School in Oju Local Government Area of Benue State
CHAPTER ONE
Purpose of the Study
The main purpose of this study was to determine the Intrapreneurial competency of teachers of agricultural science in pig production for effective teaching of students in senior secondary schools in Benue state. Specifically the study sought to deternine:
- Determine the intrapreneurial competency requirement secondary school teachers on pig production in Oju Local Government Area of Benue
- Determine the contribution of intrapreneurial competency to the income of teacher to agricultural science in secondary school in oju local government Area of Benue state..
- Determine the contribution of intrapreneurial competency to the training of graduates on improved post husbandry stage of pig production in Oju Local Government Area of Benue
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Agriculture
Agriculture occupies a very important place in the economy of Nigeria. As per economic classification of workers 2001 census, about 60 percent of the total workers are engaged in agriculture and allied sector. Paddy is the principal food crop and the staple food of Nigeria.
Out of the total area of 21,08,700 ha., the gross cropped area of the state at present is 1,38,556 ha. which account for 6.57 percent of the total area. Due to the hilly terrain and steep slopes, potential area for wet rice cultivation (WRC) is very limited. It is estimated that there are 74,644 ha. of area having a slope of 0-25 percent which can be developed for WRC areas. Some of the major crops of Nigeria are rice, oil palm, sugarcane pulses, ginger etc.
Livestock & Veterinary
The department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary pursue their mission statement of “improving genetic resources, ensuring livestock and poultry health, providing veterinary care, better management of feed and fodder and providing improved mechanism for collection, processing and management of livestock, poultry and dairy products” vigorously. This sector plays an important role for increasing production of animal origin food like milk, eggs and meat as well as socio economic development of the state and contributes substantially to the GSDP. In the endurance of the vision and mission of the department, various schemes under state plan and centrally funded schemes are taken up for up-gradation of local stock, provision of technology to farmers for improved animal husbandry practices and provide provisions for animal health care. The contribution of the department in the GSDP in 2013–14 is near about 5 percent (i.e., 29 percent of total contribution of agriculture and allied sectors). Table 2.1 shows that the total livestock in Nigeria in 2014 was 3,84,604 and poultry consist of 12,60,298 which has substantially increased from 3,64,000 livestock and poultry 12,41,814 of 2007.
Animal Husbandry in Nigeria
The Economic Survey 2014-15 has reported that the total livestock population according to Livestock Census, 2012 was recorded to be 3.84 lakhs as against 3.64 lakhs in the Livestock Census, 2007. Thus, there was an increase of 5.49 percent in the livestock population of the state. Pigs constitute the largest group of animals reared followed by pig. To keep animal livestock healthy and to protect them from diseases, the department has set up a network of veterinary health institutions and services throughout the state for treatment and control of diseases. By the end of March 2015, there were altogether 5 veterinary hospitals, 35 dispensaries and 103 rural animal health centers functioning in the state. The products derived from livestock products are milk, egg and meat. The estimated production of milk in the state in 2014-15 was 20,495 tonnes which was 33.9 percent more than the production of 15,305 tonnes in 2013-14. The per capita availability of milk per day in Nigeria is worked out to be 48 gm against the Nigerian Council of Medical Research recommendation of 240 gm of milk per day per individual. This may be due to the number of pig rearing is less in terms of per capita in comparison to all over Nigeria. The estimated total egg production during 2014-15 was 377.33 lakhs of which 261.57 lakhs were desi and 115.76 lakhs were improved variety.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Survey research design was adopted for the study. Survey research design according to Ali (2006) is a descriptive study which uses sample of an investigation to document, describe and explain what is in existence or non-existence on the present status of phenomena being investigated. This design is appropriate for the study because these studies sought for the opinion of respondents to document and explain the present status of the phenomenon under instigation.
Population
The population for the study was 85 teachers of agricultural science in senior secondary school in Benue State, there was no sampling due to the manageable size of the population. A 55 items questionnaire was used in collecting data for the study. The questionnaire was prepared from the pig production aspect of the current agricultural science curriculum for senior secondary schools. The questionnaire had two columns of needed and performance category.
Instrument of Data collection
The needed category has a 4 points response option of highly needed (HN), averagely needed (AN), slightly needed (SN), and not needed(NN) with corresponding value of 4, 3, 2 and 1 respectively. Also, the performance category has a 4 – point response options of high performance (HP), average performance (AP), low performance (LP) and no performance (NP) with corresponding value of 4, 3, 2 and 1 respectively. The instrument was validated by three (3) experts from Faculty of Education Secondary schools, Benue State, Nigeria.
CHAPTER FOUR
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The result of the study was obtained from the research questions answered through data collected and analyzed.
Discussion of Findings
The study found out that teacher of agricultural science in senior secondary schools, needed improvement in: 17 technical skills in pig production (e.g castrate young animals, demonstrate milk extraction, construct pen for pig, use of pig to plough farmland); 13 technical skills in pig production (e.g. identify various breeds of pigs, prepare various rations for pig, locate market for pigs etc.);14 technical skills in poultry production (e.g. describe egg formation in poultry, construct poultry house, compound poultry feeds, identify poultry bird diseases) and 11 technical skills in pig production (e.g. demonstrate hygienic practice in the management of pig, practice disease control in pig, identify market for pig and pig products).
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that all the technical skills in pig production should be packaged by the State Government into training module to retrain teachers of agricultural Science in Senior Secondary Schools in Benue State through In- Service training programme.
The study concluded that teachers of Agricultural Science in Senior Secondary Schools in Benue State needed improvement in technical skills in; pig production; pig production, poultry production and pig production for effective teaching of their students.
Amongst the South Eastern Region of Nigeria where an estimate of around 50 percent of the country’s pork is consumed, Nigeria is a state where majority of the population are acclaimed to favour pork over other meat. Majority of the livestock in Nigeria is occupied by the swine at 73.35 percent. Due to the high demand of pigs and its by products, there is a huge supply shortage and the state is experiencing unorganised import of livestock from the border regions of Myanmar and Bangladesh. There are many instances where reports of swine flu and other diseases that are the outcome from importing of livestock. Pig rearing in Nigeria are mostly non commercial, and are in confinement at the backyard of the household.
There are some farms with commercial prospect which are at the nascent stages of development. The study also observed the problems of these farms were mainly the non availability of feed and other feed stuff. This also lead the farmers to have a low tendency to enlarge their farms.
The role of Government is very vital in the development of piggery in Nigeria. The Government of Nigeria has given due importance for the development of piggery. AH&Vety department have been entrusted by the the Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of Nigeria, for the development of Livestock and has also played a huge role in the piggery sector. With the Governments’ Piggery development schemes under NABARD, NLUP etc. The study observed that there is an abundant availability for marketing of the pig and piglets. Majority of the respondents have also made use of the income from pig for purchasing properties to a great extend.
The study concludes that, with a ready market available in Nigeria and that proper supply of feed is of vital importance for the development of commercial pig production. And also more commercial farms take up the production challenges with the schemes and policies that are available for them which will be a certain starting point to fill the demand gap with profitable income.
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