Prevention of Urinary Tract Infection Among Women of Child Bearing Age in Awkuzu
Chapter One
Objective of the study
The objectives of the study are;
- To find out the causes of urinary tract infection among women of child bearing in Awkuzu
- To find out the preventive measures of urinary tract infection for women of child bearing age in awkuzu
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection of the urinary system. This type of infection can involve your urethra (a condition called urethritis), kidneys (a condition called pyelonephritis) or bladder, (a condition called cystitis). Your urine typically doesn’t contain bacteria (germs). Urine is a byproduct of our filtration system the kidneys. When waste products and excess water is removed from your blood by the kidneys, urine is created. Normally, urine moves through your urinary system without any contamination. However, bacteria can get into the urinary system from outside of the body, causing problems like infection and inflammation. This is a urinary tract infection (UTI).
The urinary tract makes and stores urine, one of the body’s liquid waste products. The urinary tract includes the following parts:
- Kidneys: These small organs are located on back of your body, just above the hips. They are the filters of your body removing waste and water from your blood. This waste becomes urine.
- Ureters: The ureters are thin tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to your bladder.
- Bladder: A sac-like container, the bladder stores your urine before it leaves the body.
- Urethra: This tube carries the urine from your bladder to the outside of the body.
Who gets urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Anyone can get a urinary tract infection, but they are more common in women. This is because the urethra (tube the carries urine out of the body) in females is shorter and closer to the anus, where E. coli bacteria are common. Older adults also are at higher risk for developing cystitis. This increased risk may be due to incomplete emptying of the bladder. There are several medical conditions that can be related to this, including an enlarged prostate or a bladder prolapse (a condition where the bladder falls or slips out of its usual position).
If you get frequent urinary tract infections, your healthcare provider may do tests to check for other health problems such as diabetes or an abnormal urinary system that may be contributing to your infections. People with frequent UTIs are occasionally given low-dose antibiotics for a period of time to prevent the infection from coming back. This cautious approach to treating frequent UTIs is because your body can develop a resistance to the antibiotic and you can get other types of infections, such as C. diff colitis. This practice is used very infrequently.
What’s the difference between a urinary tract infection (UTI) and bladder infection (cystitis)?
A urinary tract infection is a more general type of infection. There are many parts of your urinary tract. A UTI is a term for an infection that takes place throughout the urinary tract. A bladder infection, also called cystitis, is a specific infection. In this infection, bacteria makes its way into the bladder and causes inflammation.
Not all urinary tract infections become bladder infections. Preventing the spread of the infection is one of the most important reasons to treat a UTI quickly when you have symptoms. The infection can spread not only to the bladder, but also into your kidneys, which is a more complicated type of infection than a UTI.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
According to Udoyen (2019), a study population is a group of elements or individuals as the case may be, who share similar characteristics. These similar features can include location, gender, age, sex or specific interest. The emphasis on study population is that it constitute of individuals or elements that are homogeneous in description.
This study was carried to examine prevetion of urinary tract infection among women of child bearing age. Women of child bearing in Awkuzu form the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which only seventy-seven (77) were returned and validated. This was due to irregular, incomplete and inappropriate responses to some questionnaire. For this study a total of 77 was validated for the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain prevention of urinary tract infection among women of child bearing age in Awkuzu. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of prevention of urinary tract infection among women of child bearing age in Awkuzu
Summary
This study was on prevention of urinary tract infection among women of child bearing age in Awkuzu. Two objectives were raised which included:To find out the causes of urinary tract infection among women of child bearing in Awkuzu and to find out the preventive measures of urinary tract infection for women of child bearing age in awkuzu. The study adopted a survey research design and conveniently enrolled 80 participants in the study. A total of 77 responses were received and validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents were drawn from women of child bearing in Awkuzu. Hypothesis was tested using Chi-Square statistical tool (SPSS).
Conclusion
UTI has a high rate among women in their childbearing age, particularly when associated with pregnancy and diabetes. The predisposing factors for very high prevalence of UTI among women of the study area revealed from the present study appeared to be due to illiteracy, ignorance about UTI and its consequence and not practicing health and hygiene factors properly. Again, use of commercial sanitary napkin has been found to play a significant role in preventing incidence of UTI. But its use is still extremely low among the subjects of the study possibly due to the high prices of sanitary napkins, which is not affordable by them. Good personal hygiene and awareness can greatly reduce its incidence and prevent further complications
References
- Stamm WE, Norrby SR. 2001. Urinary tract infections: disease panorama and challenges. Journal of Infectious Diseases183 (1); 1-4. 2.
- Bloomberg B, Oslen B, Hinderaker S, Langeland N, Gasheka P, Jureen R, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in urinary bacterial isolates from pregnant women in rural Tanzania, implications for public health. Scand J Infect Dis 2005: 37; 262- 268.
- Ana L, Walker JN, Caparon M, Scott J. Hultgren Department of Molecular Microbiology and center for woman’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine. Nat Rev Microbial.2015; 13(5): 269-284. 4.
- David OM, Falegan CR, Oluyege AO. Incidence of symptomatic urinary tract Infections among young women using tissue papers as sanitary pad in rural Nigeria: A cohort study. Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences 2010. ISSN: 2078-0273, 25-29. 5.
- Ikaheimo R, Siitonen A, Heiskanen. Recurrence of urinary tract infection in a primary care setting: analysis of a 1- year follow-up of 179 women. Clin Infect Dis. 1996: 22; 91-99. 6.
- Shaikh N, Morone NE, Bost JE, Farrell MH. Prevalence of urinary tract infection in childhood: a meta-analysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2008: 27(4); 302-308. 7.
- Begum N. Clinical profile of urinary tract infection in pregnancy.
- Mymensingh Med J 1992:1; 6-10 Khatun AK, Rashid H, Chowdhury TA. Prevalence of urinary tract infection in pregnancy. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 1985:2; 6-10. 9.